the inheritance of one trait Flashcards
how did mendel conduct his experiment?
with purebred pea plants, tall and short (this was the parent generation)
whats a purebled organism?
a descendant from ancestors of a dinstinct type or breed
what are hybrids organisms?
theyre apart of the filial generation, the result of a cross between two purepred parents
an experiment with only one trait (ex: tall) is called what?
a monohyprid cross
according to the blending theory of inheritance, what shouldve been the experiment of mendel’s pea experiment?
the offspring shouldve been medium height, but they were tall instead
what is a dominant and recessive trait?
a dominant trait is a characteristic that is always expressed in an individual. a recessive trait is a latent characteristic, its present but inactive – and isnt usually expressed.
whats the principle of dominance?
when individuals with contrasting traits are crossed, the offspring will express only the dominant trait.
whats the law of segregation?
I\inherited traits are determined by pairs of factors, which segregate, or separate in the gametes (sex cells), with one in each gamete
whats the mendelian ratio?
3:1. in the second filial generation, 3 out of 4 plants were tall, and only 1 was short. this means the offspring will resemble one of the parents from the parent generation 75% of the time, and the other 25% of the time.
what are genes?
the part of the chromosone that regulates the expression of a trait.
whats an allele?
a gene that occurs in an alternate form. two alleles make up of every gene, and when two are present the dominant one may prevent the expression of the recessive allele.
whats a homozygous trait?
when both alleles in a gene are the same
whats a heterozygous trait?
when both alleles in a gene are different
whats a punnett square?
theyre used to determine the genotype and phenotype of an offspring.
whats phentoype?
the physical characteristics of an organism
whats genotype?
the genetic makeup of an organism
