The influence of early attachment Flashcards
What is the internal working model?
A mental model of the world that allows individuals to predict and control their environment
How does the internal working model apply to attachment?
It relates to an individual’s expectations of relationships
Who conducted a key study on the influence of early attachment?
Hazan and Shaver
What did Hazan and Shaver give their participants?
A ‘love quiz’
What 3 things did Hazan and Shaver’s love quiz ask questions about?
Current attachment experience, attachment history and opinions on love
How many responses did Hazan and Shaver get?
620
What percentage of Hazan and Shaver’s participants were classed as having a secure attachment?
56%
What percentage of Hazan and Shaver’s participants were classed as having an insecure avoidant attachment?
25%
What percentage of Hazan and Shaver’s participants were classed as having an insecure resistant attachment?
19%
What did Hazan and Shaver find a positive correlation between?
Attachment type and love experiences
What type of internal working model did securely attached adults have?
A positive one
What type of internal working model did insecurely attached adults have?
A negative one
Where did Hazan and Shaver place their Love Quiz?
A newspaper
What are the 4 AO3 points for the influence of early attachment?
1) Research = correlational
2) Retrospective classification
3) Overly determinist
4) Research support
What can’t the love quiz establish a cause and effect relationship between?
Attachment style and later love style
What may the link between attachment style and later love style actually be caused by?
Innate temparement
Why may temperament affect attachment style and later love style?
It may affect the way a parent interacts with a child, and so may be a determining factor in attachment type
Why is retrospective classification bad?
When adults are asked questions about their early childhood, their recollections are likely to be flawed
What have longitudinal studies found that support Hazan + Shaver’s findings
Participants classified as having a secure attachment in infancy were rated as having higher social competency as children, were closer to their friends in adolescence + were more emotionally attached to their romantic partners
Why is the IWM overly determinist?
Insecurely attached infants are capable of growing up to have happy adult relationships
Who provides research support for the IWM?
Bailey
How many women did Bailey study?
99
What did Bailey find?
The majority of women had the same attachment classification to their babies as they had to their own mothers
