The influence of culture and media on gender roles 2

Question 1

gender roles

Answer 1

a set of behaviours and attitudes that are considered appropriate for one gender and inappropriate for the other

Question 2

media

Answer 2

communication channels such as TV, film and books

└through which news, entertainment and education are available

Question 3

Media and gender roles

Answer 3

└media provides role models who children identify with and then imitate
└same sex role models with gender appropriate behaviour that is reinforced

Question 4

The influence of media on gender roles

parts

Answer 4

Media and gender roles
Rigid stereotypes
Information giving

Question 5

Rigid stereotypes

people

Answer 5

Bussey and Bandura (1999)

Furnham and Farragher (2000)

Question 6

Rigid stereotypes

Answer 6

└Bussey and Bandura (1999)
└media provides rigid stereotypes
└men: independent, ambitious, advice givers
└women: dependent, unambitious, advice seekers

└Furnham and Farragher (2000)
└study of TV adverts
  └men: shown in professional contexts
  └women: shown in domestic settings 
└suggests media play a role in reinforcing widespread social stereotypes concerning male and female behaviour

Question 7

Information giving

people

Answer 7

McGhee and Frueh (1980)

Question 8

Information giving

Answer 8

└McGhee and Frueh (1980)
└found evidence that children who had more exposure to popular forms of media had more gender stereotypical views
└Bandura
└self-efficacy: media increases the child’s belief that they are capable of carrying out gender appropriate behaviours as they see other people perform such behaviours

Question 9

The influence of media on gender roles
limitations
summary

Answer 9

Correlation not causation

Counter stereotypes - Pingree (1978)

Question 10

The influence of media on gender roles
limitations
Correlation not causation

Answer 10

└generally concluded that media has a considerable influence on a child’s formation and maintenance of gender stereotypes
└difficult to establish cause and effect in studies
└media may reflect already established norms
└or media may cause norms by depicting men and women in certain ways
└most children are exposed to the media
└limited control groups for comparison in studies

Question 11

The influence of media on gender roles
limitations
Counter stereotypes

Answer 11

└examples of counter stereotypes in media
└e.g. Disney movie Brave
└ Pingree (1978)
└children were shown TV adverts featuring women in non-stereotypical roles (aka non-traditional models)
└ when children where shown: gender stereotyping was reduced
└when pre-adolescent boys were shown: stereotypes only became stronger
└’backlash’ could be explained by the boys’ desire to maintain a view counter to the adults view