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History > The Industrial Revolution > Flashcards

The Industrial Revolution Flashcards

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1
Q

Enclosure movement

A

The process of taking over and consolidating land formerly shared by peasant farmers

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2
Q

Smelt

A

Separating iron from its ore

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3
Q

Capital

A

Money used to invest in enterprises

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4
Q

Enterprise

A

A business organization in an area such as shipping, mining, railroads, or factories

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5
Q

Turnpike

A

Private roads built by entrepreneurs who charged travelers a toll to use them

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6
Q

Putting out system

A

Cottage industry

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7
Q

Urbanization and what caused it

A

The movement of people to cities. Changes in farming, soaring population, and increasing demand for workers

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8
Q

Tenement

A

Multistory buildings divided into apartments

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9
Q

Labor union and their goals

A

Workers organizations. Wanted workers rights

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10
Q

Luddite movement

A

Smashed textile machines with sledgehammers and burned factories

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11
Q

Methodism

A

Rekindling hope among the poor and forgiveness and a better life to come

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12
Q

Utilitarianism

A

Goal of society should be “greatest happiness for the greatest number”

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13
Q

Socialism

A

System in which people as a whole rather than private individuals own and operate the means of production

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14
Q

Communism

A

System in which governments led by a small elite controlled all economic and political life

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15
Q

Proletariat

A

Working class

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16
Q

Social democracy

A

A political ideology in which there is a gradual transition from capitalism to socialism

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17
Q

Dynamo

A

A machine that generates electricity

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18
Q

Bessemer process

A

A new process of making steel from iron

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19
Q

Anesthetic

A

A drug that prevents pain during surgery

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20
Q

Impressionism

A

School of painting that tried to capture fleeting visual impressions

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21
Q

Jethro Tull

A

Invented the seed drill

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22
Q

Thomas Newcomen

A

Invented the steam engine

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23
Q

Eli Whitney

A

Invented the cotton gin

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24
Q

James Hargreaves

A

Invented the spinning jenny

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25
Q

Richard Arkwright

A

Invented the water frame

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26
Q

John Kay

A

Invented the flying shuttle

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27
Q

James Watt

A

Improved Newcomen’s steam engine

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28
Q

John Wesley

A

Founded the methodist movement

29
Q

Adam Smith

A

Capitalism

30
Q

Thomas Malthus

A

Population would increase faster than the food supply

31
Q

David Ricardo

A

Laissez-faire economist

32
Q

Jeremy Bentham

A

Advocated utilitarianism

33
Q

John Stewart Mill

A

Individual freedom with government involvement

34
Q

Robert Owen

A

Set up a socialist community

35
Q

Karl Marx

A

Scientific socialism, haves and have nots

36
Q

Friedrich Engels

A

Teamed up with Marx

37
Q

William Cockerill

A

Opened factories in Belgium manufacturing spinning and weaving machines

38
Q

Robert Fulton

A

Invented the steamboat

39
Q

Henry Bessemer

A

Bessemer process

40
Q

Alfred Nobel

A

Invented dynamite

41
Q

Alessandro Volta

A

Developed the first battery

42
Q

Michael Faraday

A

Invented the dynamo

43
Q

Thomas Edison

A

Invented the lightbulb, phonograph, and motion picture camera

44
Q

Nikolaus Otto

A

Invented the internal combustion machine

45
Q

Karl Benz

A

First automobile with three wheels

46
Q

Gottlieb Daimler

A

First four wheel automobile

47
Q

Henry Ford

A

Utilized the assembly line

48
Q

Wilber and Orville Wright

A

Made an airplane

49
Q

Samuel Morse

A

Invented the telegraph

50
Q

Alexander Graham Bell

A

Invented the telephone

51
Q

Guglielmo Marconi

A

Invented the radio

52
Q

John D. Rockefeller

A

Standard Oil Company

53
Q

Louis Pasteur

A

Showed the link between microbes and disease

54
Q

Robert Koch

A

Identified bacterium that cause tuberculosis

55
Q

Florence Nightingale

A

World’s first school of nursing

56
Q

Joseph Lister

A

How antiseptics prevent infection

57
Q

John Dalton

A

Modern atomic theory

58
Q

Dmitri Mendeleyev

A

Periodic table of elements

59
Q

Charles Lyell

A

Offered evidence that earth formed over millions of years

60
Q

Charles Darwin

A

Evolution, survival of the fittest, natural selection

61
Q

Lord Bryon

A

Larger than life figure

62
Q

Victor Hugo

A

Three Musketeers and Hunchback of Notre Dame

63
Q

Beethoven

A

Nine symphonies, many minor works

64
Q

Charles Dickens

A

Oliver Twist, portrayed lives of the working class

65
Q

Claude Monet

A

Painted one scene and then the same one at a different time of year

66
Q

Edgar Degas

A

Brushed strokes of color side by side without blending

67
Q

Georges Seurat

A

Pointilism

68
Q

Vincent van Gogh

A

Dreamlike quality

69
Q

Industrial Revolution

A

Period of change (second agricultural revolution)

History (4 decks)

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