The Industrial Revolution Flashcards
Invented by James Hargreaves, this multi-spindle spinning frame allowed workers to produce multiple threads at once, which significantly increased textile production and reduced costs
Spinning Jenney (1764)
Developed by Henry Cort, this pioneering iron refining process removed impurities from pig iron, which produced higher-quality wrought iron suitable for industrial machinery, railways, and construction.
Pudding Furnace (1784)
Developed by Eli Whitney, this machine quickly separated cotton fibers from seeds, which greatly increased cotton production and fueled the textile industry’s expansion.
Cotton Gin (1793)
Created by John Loudon McAdam, this road construction method used compacted stone layers for better drainage and durability, which improved transportation networks.
Macadamized Roads (1810s)
Alexander Graham Bell patented the first practical telephone in 1876 and successfully demonstrated voice transmission. This innovation facilitated real-time conversations over long distances and transformed business and personal interactions.
Telephone (1876)
Nikolaus Otto developed the four-stroke internal combustion engine in 1876, which enabled a more efficient alternative to steam power. Karl Benz built and patented the first gasoline-powered automobile in 1886. This marked a shift in the development of motor vehicles that transformed urban planning and mobility.
Internal Combustion Engine (1876)
Thomas Edison developed the first long-lasting and commercially viable incandescent light bulb in 1879, improving earlier designs by Joseph Swan. This breakthrough made electric lighting accessible for homes, factories, and streets.
Electricity and the Light Bulb(1879)
Industrialization boosted production, trade, and economic expansion, creating new industries and job opportunities.
Economic Growth
Mass migration to cities for factory jobs caused rapid urban growth, overpopulation, and shifts in living conditions.
Urbanization
The demand for factory workers increased, leading to the rise of labor unions and movements advocating for workers’ rights, fair wages, and better working conditions.
Labor Changes
Increased pollution, deforestation, and resource consumption contributed to concerns about sustainability and industrial waste management.
Environmental Effects
Innovations in communication, medicine, and transportation create the modern technological world we live in today.
Technological Advancement
Invented by James Hargreaves, this multi-spindle spinning frame allowed workers to produce multiple threads at once, which significantly increased textile production and reduced costs
Spinning Jenny
