The Industrial Period Flashcards
What year did cholera strike?
1831
Name 7 treatments people used against cholera
7 treatments people used against cholera were:
Burning the clothes and bedding of the infected person
Praying to God
Cleaning the house and scattering chloride of lime around (a whitewash)
Smoking cigars
Using lucky charms
Burning barrels of tar to create smoke in the streets
Making herbal remedies to cure the sufferers
How long did it take for vaccination to become accepted?
It took over 80 years for vaccination to become accepted.
Name 6 reasons why people thought they were getting cholera in 1831
Contact Miasmas God's punishment Fleas Magic Illness
What did people think caused disease in 1750?
The main two ideas that dominated were:
Miasmas
Spontaneous Generation
Who was Pasteur’s opponent? How did he challenge him?
Pasteur’s main opponent was Pouchet. He gave lectures on Spontaneous Generation. Pasteur challenged Pouchet with his swan neck flask experiment in 1864.
Why was Germ Theory accepted so quickly when other ideas took so long?
Name 9 reasons
In 1861-4 Pasteur proved it was right and spontaneous generation wrong.
He introduced it at a national competition for maximum publicity.
The experiment was easy to replicate.
There was familiarity with the idea of airborne disease and bacteria.
Germ Theory explained Jenner’s vaccination.
In 1873 Koch worked out which germs caused which diseases.
By the late 19th century there was widespread literacy and many newspapers.
Hug health problems created a growing demand to end the killer diseases.
In 1867 the Reform Act gave the working class the vote and the government needed to be seen as working to improve their health.
The 1867 Reform Act had given the working class the vote.
Name 5 drugs doctors in the 19th century gave
In the 19th century doctors would give:
• Opiates for pain relief
• Oils like camphor or lavender
• Epsom salts as a laxative for purging
• 1870+ Animal thyroid extract for many complaints like constipation and depression
• 1890+ Aspirin was available (opiates were being phased out)
Define miasmas
Diseases were caused by bad air filled with poisonous fumes.
Define spontaneous generation
Disease was caused by microscopic organisms that spontaneously appeared on filth, dirt and rotting matter.
What happened with patent medicines?
By 1800 many people were buying patent medicine. They were cheaper than doctor’s prescriptions. They made little or no contribution to the improvement of health. Some were dangerous because of the ingredients.
What was hypnotism used for?
People were hypnotised for mental illnesses, and also to stop them from thinking they were in pain.
What were electric shocks used for?
Electric shocks were used to shock diseases out of the body, and also to trick the mind. They were also used for hysteria.
What was magnetism used for?
Magnetism was used to strengthen the blood. People would wear corsets made of magnets.
Name 14 reasons why vaccination was opposed
Innoculators didn’t want to be out of a job.
Jenner was an unimportant doctor. The big London doctors did not want to accept the ideas of a ‘nobody’.
The Royal Society at first refused to publish his paper. It took a long time for people to learn about it.
People who worked for the church told people that it was against God’s will because it was putting animal matter into the human body.
Some worried that the animal matter would give them diseases.
Some believed that smallpox was God’s punishment. The cure was to lead a pure life.
In the 1880s the government suggested it was linked to syphilis.
Sometimes it didn’t work. Some doctors used contaminated vaccines, dirty needles, etc.
Doctors were paid according to how many patients they treated. They were too speedy which meant mistakes.
Jenner couldn’t explain it.
in 1853 the government made it compulsory and many opposed it because they argued that the government had no right to tell them what to do.
In 1871 the government began fining parents who had not had their children vaccinated. The poor saw this is a deliberate attack.
Poor people were more worried about where their next meal was coming from.
Many poor people resented the middle class telling them what to do. They stuck with their home remedies.
What happened in 1857?
In 1857 Pasteur worked out that germs make liquids go sour.
Pasteur worked out that germs make liquids go sour in what year?
1857
