the indus plain

Question 1

the river indus’ connection to the indus plain

Answer 1

The river indus and its tribuatries drain throughout most of punjab and central part of sindh

Question 2

doabs of the upper indus plain

Answer 2

• chal
• rachna
• Bari
• Sindh Sagar

Question 3

Upper indus plain (northern part)

Answer 3

By Panjnad = the 5 main tributaries (of the indus) have all joined tog

eg: Sutlej joining chenab - tributaries:sutlej,chenab,ravi,jhelum

The river Panjnad flows for 72km and joins indus (near mithankot)

Question 4

Lower indus plain

Answer 4

when the indus flows as a gigantic river until it joins the arabian sea

Question 5

relief and drainage - upper indus plain figure/ lower indus plain figure

Answer 5

drawn in notes

Question 5

topographical features

Answer 5

active flood plains
alluvial terraces
old flood plains
rolling sand plains
piedmont plains
tidal delta

Question 6

active flood plain

Answer 6

a narrow strip of land on either side of the river - found along all rivers

1. end of rainy szn- dry and braided channels (rich in alluvium)
2. inundated every yr
3. imp farming area (where indus enters lower indus plain)
   features: meanders, oxbow lakes, levees

Question 7

old flood plain

Answer 7

meander and cover flood plains are in b/w alluvial terraces and active flood plains
- only flood during heavy rainfall
features: meander scars, remains of oxbows and abandoned channels

Question 8

alluvial terrace/bar

Answer 8

An area of higher ground b/w rivers, formed by erosion of old alluvium

chaj doab - Kirana bar/terrace
Bari doab - Nili bar, Ganji bar
Rechna doab - sandal bar

alluvial terrace = flat sw slope, ideal for agriculture w/irrigation

Question 9

Cross-section of a doab

Answer 9

doab: the land b/w two rivers at a confluence
- chaj,rechna,bari,sindh sagar doabs
features: levees, active fp, old fp, meander/cover fp, scarp
activities: farming, human settlements, building of rail tracks and roads
diagram in notes
active fp = good for crops, rice and sugar cane
meander/cover fp= arable farming on fertile areas
alluvial terraces/bars= farming/ human settlements

Question 10

piedmont plains

Answer 10

location: foothills of the sulaiman, kirthar and himalayan mountains
main feature is alluvial fans/cones

sulaiman piedmont plain is mainly agricultural (well drained soil)

Question 11

tidal delta and formation of it

Answer 11

tidal delta: triangular delta w/main distributaries branching off the main river

formation: river–>sea, speed then slows down and deposits alluvium to the sea floor = levees higher
sea water fills trough in b/w distributaries = mangrove swamps

Question 12

indus delta

Answer 12

located= east of karachi, includes thatta
1. low population density
2. agriculture is less, swampy land has salt from the sea water

Question 13

economic activities

Answer 13

1. doabs/old & active flood plains are excellent areas for farming
   crops= wheat sugarcane cotton rice
2. infrastructure facilities provided such as railway, roads, air