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Molecular and Cellular Biology > The importance of protein targeting > Flashcards

The importance of protein targeting Flashcards

1
Q

Light microscopy resolution is limited
by…

A

the wavelength of light (300 – 900
nm; visible light).

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2
Q

Light microscopy wavelength?

A

300 - 900 nm; visible light

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3
Q

the nucleus contains…

A

… genetic information, chromosomes (23 homologous pairs in
humans)

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4
Q

the nucleus is highly structured because…

A

…double membrane and pores (nuclear envelope)
strict control over nuclear traffic

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5
Q

where is the nucleolar organising region located?

A

in the nucleolus on p arms of chromosomes; 13, 14,
15, 21 & 22 aggregate

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6
Q

what does the nucleolar organising region contain?

A

rRNA and rRNA protein

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7
Q

what is the ER encrusted with?

A

Usually encrusted with ribosomes (rough ER),.

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8
Q

the ER is the site of…

A

…protein translation

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9
Q

what is the ER?

A

The ER is a highly organised folded
membrane structure with a distinct
lumen biochemistry

Post-translational modifications
may occur (cleavage of pro-forms)

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10
Q

What may occur in the ER?

A

Post-translational modifications
may occur (cleavage of pro-forms)

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11
Q
A
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12
Q

what does the ER interface with?

A

Interfaces with golgi Cis membrane
as part of the secretory pathway

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13
Q

what is the golgi?

A

Folded stack of membrane stack; contains a lumen where post
translational protein modification occurs

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14
Q

Function of the golgi?

A

Packaging system creating vesicles destine for secretion or for proteins
destined to be expressed on plasma membrane

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15
Q

Golgi is a central component in…

A

the cells secretory
pathway

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16
Q

The golgi has what faces?

A

Has Cis and Trans membrane faces

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17
Q
A
18
Q

whats the mitochondria?

A

Double membrane, highly folded membrane lumen (cristae)

19
Q

what is mitochondria the site of?

A

Site of aerobic respiration (citric acid cycle); double membrane
required to generate proton-gradient (proton motive force) for
ATPsynthetase

20
Q

the mitochondria has its own…

A

…genome (37 genes)

  • trna
  • NADH dehydrogenase
  • Cyt-B
21
Q

Mitochondria arose by…

A

…endosymbiosis

22
Q

what are the chloroplasts?

A

Double membrane, highly folded and organised inner structure, thylocloid membrane stacks and stromal space

23
Q

How did chloroplasts arise?

A

Arose through endosymbiosis (cyanobacter ancestor) – own genome

24
Q

What are chloroplasts the site of?

A

Site of photosynthesis in photo-autotrophs

25
Q

size of chloroplasts?

A

5-8 um diameter and 1-3 um thick

26
Q

What do the chloroplasts contain?

A

Contains pigments; chlorophylls,
phycobilins and carotenoids

27
Q

What is the lysosome?

A

The ‘stomach’ of the cell that is formed by the fusing of endosomes
and Trans golgi face vacuoles

28
Q

What do lysosomes contain?

A

Contain acid hydrolases, site of autophagy and hydrolysis of foreign
agents

29
Q

What do peroxisomes contain?

A

Contain NADPH oxidase (NOX) generate an oxidative burst

30
Q

What are peroxisomes important for?

A

Important for viral / bacterial infections.

31
Q

Functions of the cell membrane?

A
  • Partitions the intracellular matrix from the extracellular matrix
  • Controls what enters and leaves the cel
32
Q

What do cell membranes differ in?

A

Cell membranes differ in the protein expression between cell types

33
Q

What are highly specialised membrane receptors also known as?

A

ligand specific

34
Q

Highly specialised membrane
receptors (ligand specific) involved in …

A

…extracellular signal perception and
channels

35
Q

What do highly specialised membrane receptors do?

A

Allow signals that are not membrane permeable to be transduced in the
cell.

36
Q

What do MHC proteins do?

A

MHC proteins identify self cells from non-self cells.

37
Q

what does the cell contain an array of?

A

Thus the cell contains an array of highly specialised compartments (organelles), which have a distinct biochemical properties (proteins)

38
Q

Why do proteins in the cell know where to go?

A

because they contain signals
(amino acid sequences) within the primary and tertiary structure

39
Q

Amino acids are coded for in the…

A

…genome

40
Q

Mutations in the
genome may mean
that …

A

… a protein targeting signal lost

41
Q
A

Molecular and Cellular Biology (13 decks)

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