The importance of protein targeting Flashcards

1
Q

Light microscopy resolution is limited
by…

A

the wavelength of light (300 – 900
nm; visible light).

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2
Q

Light microscopy wavelength?

A

300 - 900 nm; visible light

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3
Q

the nucleus contains…

A

… genetic information, chromosomes (23 homologous pairs in
humans)

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4
Q

the nucleus is highly structured because…

A

…double membrane and pores (nuclear envelope)
strict control over nuclear traffic

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5
Q

where is the nucleolar organising region located?

A

in the nucleolus on p arms of chromosomes; 13, 14,
15, 21 & 22 aggregate

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6
Q

what does the nucleolar organising region contain?

A

rRNA and rRNA protein

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7
Q

what is the ER encrusted with?

A

Usually encrusted with ribosomes (rough ER),.

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8
Q

the ER is the site of…

A

…protein translation

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9
Q

what is the ER?

A

The ER is a highly organised folded
membrane structure with a distinct
lumen biochemistry

Post-translational modifications
may occur (cleavage of pro-forms)

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10
Q

What may occur in the ER?

A

Post-translational modifications
may occur (cleavage of pro-forms)

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11
Q
A
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12
Q

what does the ER interface with?

A

Interfaces with golgi Cis membrane
as part of the secretory pathway

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13
Q

what is the golgi?

A

Folded stack of membrane stack; contains a lumen where post
translational protein modification occurs

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14
Q

Function of the golgi?

A

Packaging system creating vesicles destine for secretion or for proteins
destined to be expressed on plasma membrane

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15
Q

Golgi is a central component in…

A

the cells secretory
pathway

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16
Q

The golgi has what faces?

A

Has Cis and Trans membrane faces

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18
Q

mitochondria membrane?

A

Double membrane, highly folded membrane lumen (cristae)

19
Q

what is mitochondria the site of?

A

Site of aerobic respiration (citric acid cycle); double membrane
required to generate proton-gradient (proton motive force) for
ATPsynthetase

20
Q

the mitochondria has its own…

A

…genome (37 genes)

  • trna
  • NADH dehydrogenase
  • Cyt-B
21
Q

Mitochondria arose by…

A

…endosymbiosis

22
Q

what are the chloroplasts structure?

A

Double membrane, highly folded and organised inner structure, thylocloid membrane stacks and stromal space

23
Q

How did chloroplasts arise?

A

Arose through endosymbiosis (cyanobacter ancestor) – own genome

24
Q

What are chloroplasts the site of?

A

Site of photosynthesis in photo-autotrophs

25
size of chloroplasts?
5-8 um diameter and 1-3 um thick
26
What do the chloroplasts contain?
Contains pigments; chlorophylls, phycobilins and carotenoids
27
What is the lysosome?
The ‘stomach’ of the cell that is formed by the fusing of endosomes and Trans golgi face vacuoles
28
What do lysosomes contain?
Contain acid hydrolases, site of autophagy and hydrolysis of foreign agents
29
What do peroxisomes contain?
Contain NADPH oxidase (NOX) generate an oxidative burst
30
What are peroxisomes important for?
Important for viral / bacterial infections.
31
Functions of the cell membrane?
- Partitions the intracellular matrix from the extracellular matrix - Controls what enters and leaves the cel
32
What do cell membranes differ in?
Cell membranes differ in the protein expression between cell types
33
What are highly specialised membrane receptors also known as?
ligand specific
34
Highly specialised membrane receptors (ligand specific) involved in ...
...extracellular signal perception and channels
35
What do highly specialised membrane receptors do?
Allow signals that are not membrane permeable to be transduced in the cell.
36
What do MHC proteins do?
MHC proteins identify self cells from non-self cells.
37
what does the cell contain an array of?
Thus the cell contains an array of highly specialised compartments (organelles), which have a distinct biochemical properties (proteins)
38
Why do proteins in the cell know where to go?
because they contain signals (amino acid sequences) within the primary and tertiary structure
39
Amino acids are coded for in the...
...genome
40
Mutations in the genome may mean that ...
... a protein targeting signal lost
41