The importance of ATP

Question 1

What is ATP

Answer 1

• Adenosine triphoshphate

- Universal energy carrier found in all cells

Question 2

Where is ATP produced?

Answer 2

Chloroplasts: In the thylakoid membrane
Mitochondria: In the inner mitochondrial membrane.

Question 3

How is ATP is synthesised?

Answer 3

• involves ATP synthase, an enzyme embedded in cellular membranes.
• H+ ions flow through it down electrochemical gradient; phosphorylation of ADP to ATP.

Question 4

Define chemiosmosis

Answer 4

• The movement of protons down an electrochemical gradient through a partially permeable membrane.

Question 5

How is ATP made in Electron Transport Chain?

Answer 5

• FAD and NAD bring hydrogen to the membrane.
• Electrons pass along the ETC; provides energy for protons to be pumped H+ into the inter-membrane space.
• This created an electrochemical gradient
• H+ move back into the matrix through the stalked particles; provides energy for

ADP + Pi ——–> ATP

Question 6

Similarities between electron transport in mitochondrial and thylakoid membranes.

Answer 6

Similarities:

• Both use ATP synthase
• Protons provide energy for ATP synthesis
• Proton pump embedded in the inner mitochondrial/ Thylakoid membrane

Question 7

What is ATP from respiration used for?

Answer 7

• Muscle contraction
• Active transport
• Nerve impulse transmission
• Cell division
• Protein synthesis