The impact of the renaissance on Britain Flashcards
How did the work of Andreas Vesalius help Anatomy ?
He helped to improve knowledge about anatomy
Who was Andreas Vesalius ?
He was a Belgium doctor, born in 1514
What books did Andreas Vesalius write and what is the significance of it ?
- The fabric of the Human body
- The book was of illustration of the body in far more detail than ever before
- The printing press meant that the book was widely available to doctors all over Europe
- By the 1560s, it was being used to train doctors
How did Vesalius challenge former ideas ?
He proves that Galen mande some mistakes.
For example, the human jaw is made firm one bone not two, like Galen had said
How did Vesalius help with dissection ?
He encouraged doctors to carry out their own dissections
How did Vesalius help education ?
At first many doctors stuck to Galen’s ideas because they thought it was wrong to challenge Galen. However, in the long term, the education and training of doctors began to change. By the late 1600s, most students were encouraged to find things out for themselves and gain hands on experience through dissections
How do you remember why the work of Vesalius is significant?
ABCDE:
A - Anatomy
B - Book
C - Challenged
D - Dissection
E - Education
Who was William Harvey ?
An English doctor, born in 1578
How do you remember why the work of Harvey is significant ?
HEART:
H - Heart
E - Experiments
A - Arteries
R - Royal society
T - Turing point
How is Harvey connected to the heart ?
He proved that the heart pumped around the body, just theory challenged Galen, who taught that the liver produced blood and it was burnt up in the body
How is Harvey connected to experiments ?
Through experiments Harvey :
- Developed his new ideas about physiology ( the way the body works) and was able to prove his ideas
- He encourages other doctors to carry out their own research
How is Harvey connected to Arteries ?
Harvest showed how the body was a one-way system for the blood, proving that the arteries take blood away from the heart.
How is Harvey connected to the royal society ?
Harvey’s work inspired other and, in 1660, the royal society was established. Members met weekly to discuss ideas and carry out experiments. The society published books to spread new ideas
How is Harvey connected to a turning point ?
At first many doctors ignored Harvey’s ideas. However, in the long term his ideas were accepted by universities. This was an important turning point since it influenced many areas of medicine like:
- Heart surgery
- Injections
-explaining how
poisons. hold spread throughout the body
Why was there opposition against the ideas of Vesalius and Harvey ?
- Doctors said it was wrong to challenge Galen since their medical training taught that Galen had given a fully correct description is anatomy so there was no point trying to figure out new things
- Their ideas did not have an immediate impact and no one was healither as a result of their ideas, so there was no proof to convince doctors that their ideas were correct
How do you remember how Ambroise Paré changed surgery ?
The three LLL:
L - Limbs (artificial)
L - Lotions
L - Ligatures
How did Paré use Limbs to change surgery ?
He designed false limbs for wounded soldiers. He designed more than 50 false body parts and included drawings of them in his books - to spread the idea.
Skilled armoured made the false limbs - the mechanism inside the hands were made so good they allowed soldiers to hold a sword and fight
How did Paré use Lotions to change surgery ?
Before paré, surgeons thought the only way to stop a wound becoming affected by gunpowder was to pour boiling oil over them.
Paré run out of oil and mixed
up a lotion if egg yolks, turpentine and oil of roses. This method reduced wounds and stopped infection
Through
his books, his potion became widely accepted in Britain
How did paré use ligatures to change surgery ?
Paré saw how cauterising (using a hot iron to burn body tissue and seal a wound) wounds caused pain and didn’t always stop bleeding.
He experimented with ligatures (silk threads) around individual blood vessels to stop bleeding. However, his method was longer and ligatures could carry infection.
It was not until antiseptics were developed (300 years later)
that they could be uses safely
Who was Ambroise Parè ?
He was a French surgeon, born in 1510
How do you remember how John hunter changed surgery and anatomy ?
BEST:
B - Books
E - Experimentation
S - School
T - Techniques
Who is John hunter ?
John Hunter became the best-known British surgeon of the eighteenth century.
What did Hunter’s fame show ?
His fame showed how surgeons were growing in status l, and how surgery and anatomy were becoming an important part of medicine
How did Hunter use books ?
Hunter was a surgeon to King George 111 and this gave him
fame
and
influence. His books on dentistry, veneral disease and the treatment of gunshot wounds were widely read and influenced medical treatments.
