The Impact of Long Term Conditions Flashcards
What are the 5 principles of patient centered healthcare as outlined by IaPO ?
- Respect
- Choice and empowerment
- Patient involvement in health policy
- Access and support
- Information
Long term conditions are more prevalent in which 2 groups of people?
Older people
more deprived groups
long-term conditions account for what % of GP appointments?
50%
Long term conditions account for what % of all outpatient appointments ?
64%
Long term conditions account for what % of all in patient bed days ?
70%
Define incidence
The number of new cases of a disease in a population in a specified period of time.
Define prevalence
The number of people in a population with a specific disease at a single point in time or in a defined period of time.
Long term conditions are usually the end result of which 3 long term complex factors ?
- Genetic factors
- Environmental factors
- Both or neither
Define vulnerability
An individual’s capacity to resist disease, repair damage and restore physiological homeostasis.
What are the 3 common types of disease progression ?
- Acute
- Gradual onset
- Relapsing/remission
What is the burden of treatment ?
Patient’s and caregivers being put under enormous demands by healthcare systems
What are the 4 aspects to the burden of treatment ?
- Changing behavior or policing behavior of others to adhere to lifestyle modifications.
- Monitoring and managing their symptoms at home.
- Complex treatment regimes and multiple drugs (poly-pharmacy).
- Complex administrative systems, navigating and coping with uncoordinated health and social care systems.
What is meant by biographical disruption and what does this mean for the individual experiencing this ?
Loss of confidence in the body leading to loss of confidence in social interactions or self-identity.
- May involve re-negotiating existing relationships at work or home.
- Need to be able to make sense of their condition before they can process it.
- Redefining what is good and bad with regards to aspects of their life.
What can be the impact of a LTC on that individual ?
Positive or negative. Can include denial, self-pity and apathy.
What can be the impact of a LTC on that individual’s family?
Financial, emotional and physical.
Other family members could become ill as a result.
How does the WHO define disability ?
Disabilities is an umbrella term, covering impairments, activity limitations, and participation restrictions. An impairment is a problem in body function or structure; an activity limitation is a difficulty encountered by an individual in executing a task or action; while a participation restriction is a problem experienced by an individual in involvement in life situations.
What are the 2 main models of disability ? Give some examples fro each.
Medical:
- Individual/personal cause i.e. accident while drunk.
- Underlying pathology i.e. morbid obesity.
- Individual level intervention i.e. health professionals advise individually.
- Individual change/adjustment i.e. change in behavior.
Social:
- Societal cause i.e. low wages
- Conditions relating to housing.
- Social/political action needed i.e. facilities for disabled.
- Societal attitude change i.e. use of politically correct language
What is the doctor’s role in caring for those with a disability?
- Assessing disability
- Co-ordinate a MDT
- Intervene with rehab
The way in which an individual reacts to a disability will depend on what factors?
Nature of the disability.
Information base of the individual.
The personality of the individual.
The coping strategies of the individual.
The role of the individual (loss of role/change of role).
The mood and emotional reaction of the individual.
The reaction of others around them.
The support network of the individual.
Additional resources available to that individual.
Time to adapt.
Disability causes disruption at which 3 different levels?
Personal
Economic
Social
Name some causes of disability
Congenital Injury Communicable disease Non-communicable disease Alcohol Drug-iatrogenic effect and/or illicit use Mental illness Malnutrition Obesity
