Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

FOPC > The impact of long term conditions > Flashcards

The impact of long term conditions Flashcards

1
Q

What is person centred care?

A

Only patient in position to make decision

More access to info, self-management programs etc

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the 5 principles of patient centred healthcare?

A 
Respect
Choice and empowerment 
Patient involvement in health policy 
Access and support 
Information

(Royal College of Paediatrics And I)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Mary, a 75yo lady has not been at the GP for years. Give three reasons why this could be?

A

Linked to GP retirement
May have been well
May have been worried about a problem being found

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Define illness.

A

What people experience when they are unwell, how they interpret or define theses symptoms and what actions they take in response

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Define disability as defined in the Disability and Discrimination Act.

A

“One with physical, sensory or mental impairment which has substantial, adverse and long-term (>12m) effect on ‘normal’ day-to-day activities”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

When was the Disability and Discrimination Act made?

A

1995

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

When was the Disability and Discrimination Act updated and what does it describe disability as?

A

2010

Disability = protected characteristic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Define incidence.

A

Number of NEW cases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What does incidence tell you about?

A

Trends in causation and aetiology

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is incidence statistics useful for?

A

Planning

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Define prevalence.

A

The number of people in a population with the disease at a certain time

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is prevalence statistics useful for?

A

Accessing current workload

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are long term conditions and provide 2 examples.

A

Persistent diseases that don’t lead to early death e.g IHD, OA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What affects do long term conditions have?

A

Constraints on family life
Failure to re-establish functional capacity to work
Unremitting physical discomfort

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

In what groups are long-term conditions more prevalent in?

A

Elderly and deprived groups

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What percentage of those registered disabled are in employment?

A

33.3%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What percentage of all GP appointments are taken by long-term conditions?

A

50%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What percentage of in-patient bed days are taken by long-term conditions?

A

Over 70%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What are the two main concerns with long-term conditions?

A

Consequences

Establishing cause

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is commonly the aetiology of long-term conditions?

A

Genetic +/- environmental or NONE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Define vulnerability.

A

Individual’s capacity to RESIST disease, REPAIR damage and RESTORE physiological homeostasis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Why is there a ‘burden of treatment’ in life-long conditions?

A 
Patients/caregivers have to monitor and manage symptoms at home
Complex treatment regimes
Many drugs
Complex admin 
Lifestyle modifications
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Describe biographical disruption in terms of long-term conditions.

A

Loss of confidence in social interactions or self-identity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What does a chronically ill patient need to do before being able to adjust to their new “normal”.

A

Make sense of their situation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Describe two different types of disability and give an example of each.
Visible - paraplegia | Invisible - diabetes
26
What does coping with stigmatism involve?
Decision whether to disclose in the first place
27
How can disability affect the individual?
Denial, Self-pity, distress, apathy, isolation from community
28
How can disability affect the family?
Financial, emotional, physical, social | other family members may become ill as a result
29
What area in Scotland have the greatest percentage of long term conditions and the smallest percentage?
``` Greatest = Glasgow and central belt Smallest = North East ```
30
What is the 'expert patient'?
When patients understand their illness more than the professional therefore, they should be the key decision maker
31
What is the dictionary definition for disability?
Lacking in one or more physical powers such as ability to walk or co-ordinate ones movements.
32
What is the ICF?
International classification of function, disability and health (WHO, 2001)
33
What are the three main points of the ICF (WHO) about disability?
1. Body and structure impairment 2. Activity limitation 3. Participation restrictions * All influenced by contextual factors (personal and environmental) and influence the health condition
34
What are the two main models of disability?
Medical and social
35
Describe the medical model of disability.
Individual/personal cause Underlying pathology Individual change/adjustment Individual level intervention
36
Describe the social model of disability.
Society cause Conditions relating to housing Social/political action needed Societal attitude changes *Places disability outside individual*
37
Give an example where the medical and social model of disability exists.
Patient with COPD with increasing breathlessness and inability to leave the house
38
When was the Equalities Act written?
2010
39
Name two factors that affect views on disability.
Age and culture
40
Describe 6 factors that influence a persons reaction to disability.
1. Nature of disability 2. Education/intelligence 3. Coping strategies 4. Support network 5. Additional resources available 6. Reaction of others 7. Mood/emotional reaction
41
What did Parsons (1950) suggest about the sick role?
When individual considers possible "benefits" of illness e.g financial, social, family, exceptions from responsibilities
42
What is Wilson's criteria for screening?
Knowledge of disease Knowledge of test Treatment for disease Cost considerations
43
What is the medical model of health?
Belief that science should find cures | Doctor-patient authoritarian relationship
44
What models are now used instead of the doctor-patient authoritarian relationship?
Guidance - cooperation | Mutual participation
45
What is the WHO definition of health?
Health is a state of complete physical, social and mental wellbeing and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity.
46
What does the social model of health consider?
BROADER DEFINITION - Changes that can be made in society and in people's own lifestyles - Gender, education and politics can influence health-related behaviour
47
What is QoL according to the WHO?
'Individuals' perceptions of their positions in life in the context of culture and value systems in relation to goals, standards and concerns
48
In what 3 perspectives should illness be tackled?
Physical Psychological Social/environmental
49
The Health Belief Model was one of the earliest models in 1974. Give an example of it when applied to stopping smoking.
Those who are susceptible to illness, realise the consequences and that the benefits of stopping outweigh the cons and those with a general motivation are more likely to quit.
50
What is the theory of planned behaviours?
Demographic variables & personality characteristics ---> Attitude, reflection Subjective norm Perceptions of control of behaviour
51
What is self-efficacy?
Belief that one can perform a novel or difficult task or cope with diversity
52
What does perceived self-efficacy facilitate?
Goal setting Effort investment Persistence in the face of barriers Recovery from set-backs
53
What is involve in the stages of change model?
Precontemplation -> contemplation -> preparation -> action -> maintenance -> relapse
54
What do medical sociologists study?
Ways people interpret symptoms, make sense of illness and interact with professionals
55
What does Parson's model of the 'sick role' not take into account?
Patients participation in decisions | Being 'sick' doesn't always lead to disability
56
Give an example of preventing disability.
Antenatal screening
57
What does disability require?
Holistic approach and MDT
58
What does the psychological model of disability say?
Two people with same illness, social and environmental circumstances may have different activity limitations due to cognition, emotion and coping strategies. Reaction of family and friends also influences.
59
Society can have negative views of disability that can lead to discrimination. Describe 7 types of discrimination according to the Equality Act.
DAVID H ``` Direct Associative Victimisation Indirect Discrimination Harassment (by perception) ```
60
What are the two main things that disability is assessed by?
ADLs and QoL
61
What are QALYs?
How many extra months or years of reasonable quality a person might gain as a result of treatment
62
Describe 5 ways to prevent disability.
``` Screening Health education Public health promotion Immunisation programs Occupational and environmental medicine initiatives ```
63
Describe the primary, secondary and tertiary prevention of disease.
Primary - prevention of onset Secondary - aged at early detection and treatment Tertiary - reduce consequences and prevent deterioration
64
Give an example of health protection regulations or policies.
Smoking in public places ban
65
A patient is discharged from hospital, having suffered a major heart attack. Previously good health and very active. What issues does he now have to manage?
``` Medications Lifestyle changes Pressure on family members Financial implications Medial Psychological issues ```
66
A patient is discharged from hospital, having suffered a major heart attack. Previously good health and very active. How is this different to a patient presenting gradually with SOB which eventually turns out to be angina?
Different for each person, can still have psychological and social implications as well as medical.
67
19yo boy, RTA, no seatbelt, injuries in spine resulting in permanent power loss to lower limbs. Attends outpatient clinic in wheelchair to discuss how he is managing in the community. What issues might he present to you with?
``` Social Psychological Medical Financial Stigmatism ```
68
19yo boy, RTA, no seatbelt, injuries in spine resulting in permanent power loss to lower limbs. Attends outpatient clinic in wheelchair to discuss how he is managing in the community. Are you prepared to help, can you truly empathise?
....
69
19yo boy, RTA, no seatbelt, injuries in spine resulting in permanent power loss to lower limbs. Attends outpatient clinic in wheelchair to discuss how he is managing in the community. What communication tools can you use and which professionals may you turn to.
? Tools OT, 3rd sector, support groups, social work, counselling services

FOPC (10 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions