The Impact Of Complete Edentulism

Question 1

The loss of all permanent teeth, or complete edentulism, is the terminal outcome of a multifactorial process including….

Answer 1

biological processes,
such as dental caries, pulpal and periodontal pathology, trauma, cancer, and other conditions

non-biological processes, such as patient preferences, lack of routine oral care

Question 2

The resorptive process … of time

Answer 2

will continue over a 25-year period of time.

Question 3

resorption in the mandible is …

Answer 3

up to 4times greater than the resorption that can occur in the maxillary arch.

Question 4

Mandible is effected more then the maxilla, This difference may be explained by

Answer 4

mandibular arch has a smaller denture-bearing surface area to resist occlusal forces
and the actual force per unit area on the mandible typically is 2 to 3 times greater than the force directed to the maxillary arch.

Also,the distribution of the stresses mandible does not appear to be homogeneous (uniform) throughout the mandibular arch, with increased stress measurements observed in the anterior portion of the mandible

Question 5

The normal aging process results in:

Answer 5

1) volumetric loss of soft tissues in the face.
2) Physiological alterations, such as decrease in collagen, which
cause the facial skin to lose its elasticity.
3) In addition, the loss of fat, coupled with gravity and muscle pulls, leads to wrinkling of the skin.

Question 6

Soft tissue facial changes

Answer 6

1) Changes to the labiodental angle (lips move into the mouth).
2) Changes to the nasolabial groove (deepens).
3) Loss of upper and lower lip support (sunken lip appearance).
4) Narrowing of the lips (seen in frontal view).
5) Decrease in horizontal labial angle (upper lip flattens).
6) Increased columella-philtral angle (upper lip appears more inward).
7) Reduction in lower facial height (chin appears closer to tip of nose).
8) Facial wrinkles (in the perioral region).
9) Concave facial profile and prognathic appearance (mandible appears
prognatic).

Question 7

Muscle changes include

Answer 7

the masseter muscle is wider in dentate individuals than it is in edentulous subjects.

the distance from the gonion (point at the angle of the mandible) to the anterior muscle border is approximately 4.0 mm less in edentulous subjects.

Question 8

After denture use the Masseter muscle well

Answer 8

increase following 3 months of denture use

Question 9

The mandibular gonial angle is defined as

Answer 9

the angle between an
imaginary line passing along the inferior border of the mandible and
another line along the posterior border of the mandibular ramus.

Question 10

gonial angle becomes…. In edentulous patients compared to dentate patients

Answer 10

becomes more obtuse

Question 11

Factors affecting rate of residual ridge resorption

Answer 11

1) Anatomic factors include the size, shape, and density of ridges

2) Metabolic factors include the multiple nutritional, hormonal, and other metabolic factors

3) Functional factors include the frequency, intensity, duration, and direction of forces applied to bone

4) Prosthetic factors include the techniques, materials, concepts, principles, and practices

Question 12

Ridge resorption over time compromises denture…

Answer 12

retention and stability

Question 13

RRR rapidly occurs during

Answer 13

the first 3 to 12 months after tooth removal, and continues throughout the patient’s life.
+ at different rates and directions in both the maxillary and mandibular arches.

Question 14

Patterns of bone resorption
Maxilla vs. Mandible

Answer 14

the pattern of maxillary resorption is centripetal (toward the center of the jaw) and apical, whereas mandibular resorption is centrifugal (moving away from the center of the jaw) and apical, resulting in a reversed horizontal jaw relationship.

Question 15

Affect of edentulism on TMJ

Answer 15

the bone changes associated with denture wearing result in a decrease in the occlusal vertical dimension (OVD).

Question 16

Raustia and colleagues used computed tomography and cephalometric radiographs to document

Answer 16

a more anterior position of the glenoid fossa in edentulous patients compared to dentate counterparts

Question 17

Impact of complete edentulism on Speech

Answer 17

An inadequate denture may restrict the flexibility of the tongue while narrowing the oral cavity by occupying excessive intraoral space, acting as a foreign body during the function of speech, and contribute to patient discomfort.

Question 18

alteration of speech when the teeth are incorrectly placed in the patient’s denture has been reported to occur

Answer 18

80% of the time.

Question 19

The position of the maxillary central incisors directly affects the production of the

Answer 19

/s/ sound

Question 20

thickness of the palatal denture base resin should not be increased by more than

Answer 20

1.0 mm

Question 21

the maximum masticatory forceis approximately….. in the edentulous state

Answer 21

3 to 6 times less

Question 22

Edentulous patients needed …. To achieve an equivalent reduction in particle size of the test food

Answer 22

Seven times more chewing strokes