The Immune System and Phagocytosis Flashcards
1
Q
What is an antigen?
A
A protein on the surface of cells which causes an immune response
2
Q
What do antigens allow the immune system to recognise?
A
- Pathogens
- Cells from organisms of the same species
- Abnormal body cells e.g. tumors
- Toxins
3
Q
What is a pathogen?
A
An organism that causes disease e.g. Bacteria/Fungi/Viruses
4
Q
What do pathogens do?
A
- Destroy host cells
- Produce toxins
5
Q
What makes up the immune response?
A
- Phagocytosis
- T-cells
- B-cells
- Plasma cells
6
Q
What are examples of cellular immune responses?
A
- Phagocytosis
- T-cells
7
Q
What are examples of humoral immune responses?
A
- B-cells
- Plasma cells
8
Q
What does a humoral response involve?
A
- Antibodies
- Clonal selection
- Monoclonal antibodies
9
Q
What is phagocytosis?
A
- First line of defence
- General immune response
10
Q
How is phagocytosis carried out?
A
- Phagocyte identifies foreign antigen
- Phagocyte engulfs pathogen into its phagocytic vacuole
- Lysosomes fuse with the phagocytic vacuole and release lysosomes which hydrolyse the pathogen
- Phagocyte (antigen presenting cell) presents the antigens of the pathogen on its membrane which activates T-cells
