Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Immunology > The immune system > Flashcards

The immune system Flashcards

1
Q

Name the components of each layer of centrifuged blood

A

Upper(“straw-coloured”) - plasma(90% water, electrolytes, proteins, lipids, sugars etc)
Middle(“white fluffy” buffy coat) - WBCs
Lower - RBCs, platelets

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the scientific name for white blood cells?

A

Leukocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the scientific name for red blood cells?

A

Erythrocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the scientific name for platelets?

A

Thrombocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What cells does the common lymphoid progenitor give rise to?

A

B lymphocytes, T lymphocytes, Natural Killer cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What cells does the common myeloid progenitor give rise to?

A

Megakaryocytes, erythrocytes(RBCs), myeloblasts, mast cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What cells does the myoblast give rise to?

A

Basophils, neutrophils, eosinophils, monocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What cells does the monocyte give rise to?

A

Macrophages and dendritic cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What do megakaryocytes give rise to?

A

Thrombocytes (platelets)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Where are most leukocytes made?

A

Bone marrow (except T lymphocytes)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Where are T lymphocytes made?

A

The thymus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the name of the stem cell which gives rise to blood cells?

A

Multipotent haematopoietic stem cell (Or haemocytoblast)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Name the polymorphonuclear lymphocytes

A

Neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils, mast cells(?)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Name the mononuclear leukocytes

A

T cells, B cells, monocytes, dendritic cells, natural killer cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are the soluble factors of the immune system?

A

Complement, antibodies, cytokines, chemokines

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What secretes the complement proteins?

A

The liver

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Name the 3 complement activation pathways and what they are

A

Classical - antibody binds to microbe
Alternative - complement binds to microbe
Lectin - mannose binding lectin (MBL) binds to microbe

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

In infection, what are the modes of action of complement?

A

Direct lysis of microbes, attracting more leukocytes to infection site (chemotaxis), coating invading organisms (opsonisation)

19
Q

Which immunoglobulin is most abundant?

A

IgG

20
Q

Which immunoglobulin is a pentamer?

A

IgM

21
Q

Which immunoglobulins are monomers?

A

IgG, mIgM, IgA (not all), mIgD, IgE

22
Q

Where is IgM mainly found and why?

A

In the blood becasue it is too large to cross the endothelium

23
Q

Where are there high concentrations of IgA and what is it called there?

A 
Mucous secretions (e.g. saliva, milk, bronchiolar and GU secretions).
Secretory IgA (sIgA)
24
Q

What is the least abundant immunoglobulin?

A

IgE

25
Q

What cells have IgE-specific receptors and readily bind to IgE?

A

Basophils and mast cells

26
Q

What responses is IgE mostly associated with?

A

Hypersensitivity allergic responses and parasitic infections

27
Q

Name the 4 types of cytokine

A

Interferons (IFN), interleukons (IL), colony stimulating factors, tumour necrosis factors (TNF)

28
Q

What do interferons do?

A

Induce a state of antiviral resistance in uninfected cells and limit the spread of viral infection

29
Q

What do interleukins do?

A

Cause cells to divide, differentiate and secrete factors

30
Q

What do colony stimulating factors do?

A

They are involved in directing the division and differentiation on bone marrow stem cells

31
Q

What do tumour necrosis factors do?

A

Mediate inflammation and cytotoxic reactions

32
Q

Give key features of innate immunity

A

Non-specific, doesn’t depend on recognition by lymphocytes, instinctive, slow, present frfom birth

33
Q

What 3 parts make up innate immunity?

A

Physical and chemical barriers, phagocytotic cells, blood proteins

34
Q

Give key features of adaptive immunity

A

Responds to specific antigens, faster acting, forms memory to specific antigens, ‘learned’ immunity

35
Q

What is the difference between cell mediated and humoral immunity?

A

Cell mediated involves T cells to kill intracellular microbes, humoral involves B cells (plasma) producing antibodies to kill extracellular microbes

36
Q

Why are cells that recognise ‘self’ killed as they mature?

A

To prevent the immune system from attacking the body’s own healthy tissues (autoimmune response)

37
Q

Innate immunity definition

A

An instinctive, non-specific protection from pathogens that is present from birth

38
Q

Adaptive immunity definition

A

A specific, acquired immunity that requires lymphocytes and antibodies

39
Q

Haematocrit definition

A

The ratio of red blood cells to total volume of blood

40
Q

Serum definition

A

Plasma without fibrinogen and other clotting factors

41
Q

Antibody/immunoglobulin definition

A

A glycoprotein in the blood produced in response to a specific antigen

42
Q

Cytokines definition

A

A number of proteins secreated by immune and non-immune cells that are important in cell signalling

43
Q

Chemokines definition

A

(Chemotactic cytokines) A small group of cytokines which can induce directed chemotaxis in nearby responsive cells

Immunology (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions