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The Immune System > The Immune System > Flashcards

The Immune System Flashcards

1
Q

T cells and their importance

A

CD4 cells are primary and tell us how strong the immune system is
CD8 killers cells kill antigens
Memory cells T cells duplicate CD8 cells persist in lymph nodes to quickly

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2
Q

Why are T cells called T cells

A

Because they mature in the thymus

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3
Q

Why are B cells called B cells

A

They mature in the bone marrow

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4
Q

The body’s own immune system inexplicably starts fighting against itself destroying antibodies

A

Autoimmune disorders

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5
Q

The immune system is deficient in antibody production often due to a defect in the thymus gland

A

Immune deficiency disorders excluding HIV

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6
Q

The immune system is deficient in antibody production due to the specific HIV virus and thus susceptible to opportunistic diseases

A

Human immunodeficiency virus HIV

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7
Q

Only two listings that apply to immune deficiency

A
  1. 07 Immune Deficiency disorders

14. 11 human immunodeficiency virus infection

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8
Q

What are the constitutional signs and symptoms

A

Severe fatigue (>=1 mo)
Fever (100.4 degrees >=1 mo)
Malaise (>=1 mo)
Involuntary weight loss (at least 10%)

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9
Q

Hallmark features of Systemic lupus Erythematosus (SLE)

A

Inflammatory tissue disease
Widespread breakdown of the tissues of the small blood vessels and capillaries
Raynaud’s disease can come along with this

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10
Q

Signs and symptoms of lupus (SLE)

A

Fatigue, joint pain, and swelling, fever, butterfly facial rash, sensitivity to sunlight and constitutional symptoms

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11
Q

Common things you see in lupus (SLE)

A

Plural effusions, heart problems, lupus nephritis, arthritis, Raynaud’s phenomenon

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12
Q

Lab findings for lupus (SLE)

A

CBC-make indicate anemia, low wbc, or low platelet count
ESR-May be elevated
ANA-positive ana indicates auto antibioties are present
Urinalysis-increased protein level or RBC in the urine

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13
Q

Treatment for SLE

A 
Corticosteroid hormones
NSAIDS
Cytotoxic drugs
Anti-malarials 
Avoidance of excess sunlight
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14
Q

A chronic inflammatory condition that is limited to the skin and is caused by an autoimmune disease
Approximately 10% of those diagnosed develop SLE

A

Discoid Lupus

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15
Q

Has an overlap and may start out as something else

A

Lupus

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16
Q

Inflammation of blood vessels

Tends to attack oxygen carrying arteries and the aorta is its biggest victim so you would need an angiogram

A

System vasculitis

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17
Q

Gardening or thickening of the skin

Raynaud’s phenomenon is the most common symptom which means you’ll have joint pains, fine and gross limitations

A

Scleroderma (systemic sclerosis)

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18
Q

Lab evidence needed for scleroderma

A

Ana, rf, esr, urinalysis, biopsy, ct, cxr, echo

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19
Q

Can be more progressive and slow moving with much of the same signs and symptoms as scleroderma

A

CREST syndrome

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20
Q 
C
R
E
S
T
A

Calcinous-calcium deposits of the skin
Raynaud’s phenomenon-spasm of the blood vessels in response to cold or stress
Esophageal dysfunction-acid reflux and decrease in motility of esophagus
Sclerodactyly-thickening and tightening of the skin on the fingers and hands
Telanglectasias-dictation of the capillaries causing red marks on surface of the skin

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21
Q

AKA: Idiopathic inflammatory myopathy

Disease of the muscle fibers causing striated muscle tissue inflammation and weakness

A

Polymyositis and dermatomyositis

22
Q

Symmetrical motor weakness in the muscle closest to the trunk of the body

A

Polymyositis

23
Q

Dusky red rash

A

Dermatomyositis

24
Q

Lab evidence of polymyositis and dermatomyositis

A

Bloodwork, emg, mri, muscle biopsy-biggest issue

25
Q

An individual has a combination of symptoms from several different autoimmune diseases, but does not meet the diagnostic criteria for any particular disorder

A

Undifferentiated and mixed connective tissue disease

26
Q

Most common signs of undifferentiated and mixed connective tissue disease

A

Constitutional symptoms, cold and numb fingers and toes, symmetrical joint deformity and muscle pain

27
Q

Organs affected in undifferentiated and mixed connective tissue disease

A

Skin, muscles, joints, lungs, GI, kidneys, CNS, heart

28
Q

Immune deficiency disorders excluding HIV infection

A

Primary immune disease

Acquired immune deficiency

29
Q

Disease is due to genetic mutations that are inherited causing deficiency in the ability to produce antibodies

A

Primary immune deficiency

30
Q

Disease is usually secondary to immune suppressing drugs or something outside the body such as a virus causing a deficiency in the ability to produce antibodies

A

Acquired immune deficiency

31
Q

Signs and symptoms of immune deficiency disorders excluding HIV

A

Constitutional symptoms, frequent infections, significant deterioration of organs, pneumocystis carinii, toxoplasmosis

32
Q

Common organs affected in immune deficiency disorders excluding HIV

A

Lungs, kidneys, blood, skin, brain and joints

33
Q

Lab findings for immune deficiency disorders excluding HIV

A

CBC tests
Quantitative immunoglobulin tests
Alternative testing

34
Q

Take advantage of a weakened immune system, and they can cause devastating illnesses

A

Opportunistic disease

35
Q

A form of autoimmune disease that cause pain, swelling stiffness and loss of function in the joints. Can affect any joint most common in the wrist and fingers

A

Inflammatory arthritis

36
Q

Can affect body parts besides joints, such as eyes, mouth, and lungs
Caused by autoimmune disease, not general wear and tear
AKA rheumatoid arthritis

A

Inflammatory arthritis

37
Q

Fixated at 45* or more of flexion or
Fixated at 30* or more of flexion (but less than 45*)
Involvement other than the joint, two or more symptoms

A

Ankylosing spondylitis

38
Q

Immune mediated disorder of the exocrine glands

Lacrimal and salivary glands become infiltrated with WBCs which cause them to dry up and produce less moisture

A

Sjögren’s syndrome

39
Q

Most common symptoms for Sjögren’s syndrome

A

Dry eyes, dry mouth, persistent dry cough, difficulty swallowing, inability to speak, corneal damage, blepharitis, dentil carries, constitutional symptoms

40
Q

Lab evidence for Sjögren’s syndrome

A

Salivary gland biopsy, schirmers test of tear production

41
Q

Generally presents as a secondary impairment

A

Sjögren’s syndrome

42
Q

Treatment for Sjögren’s syndrome

A

Eye drops, frequent brushing and flossing, drugs to help with increased saliva, NSAIDS for arthritis

43
Q

Flu-like virus that is spread through exposure to bodily fluids, blood exposure, blood transfusions, unsterilized medical equipment or transplants, or from mother to child during pregnancy, delivery or child birth

A

Human immunodeficiency virus HIV

44
Q

Most common symptoms of human immunodeficiency virus

A 
High viral load
Presence of opportunistic infections 
Reduction in BMI
Evidence of wasting 14.11I is a catch all
14.11H need hospitalizations
45
Q

Treatment for human immunodeficiency virus HIV

A

Treatment is tailored specifically for the individual

HAART

46
Q 
H
A
A
R
T
A

Highly
Active
Antiretroviral
Therapy

47
Q

Need dx with evidence acceptable with diagnosis

A

Human immunodeficiency virus HIV

48
Q

An organ that matures lymphocytes (B lymphocytes and Nk cells), filters the blood, stores blood cells, and destroys old blood cells. It is located on the left side of the abdomen near the stomach

A

Spleen

49
Q

An organ in which (T lymphocytes) grow and multiply. Is in the chest behind the breastbone

A

Thymus

50
Q

Two small masses of lymph tissue at the back of the throat. Lymphocytes mature here

A

Tonsils

51
Q

Glands located in the roof of the mouth behind soft palate where the nose connects to the throat. Produce antibodies

A

Adenoids

52
Q

The soft, spongy tissue in the center of large bones. Makes WBCs (B lymphocytes), RBCs, plasma and platelets

A

Bone marrow

The Immune System (1 decks)

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