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1st Year Principles Immunology > The Immune System > Flashcards

The Immune System Flashcards

1
Q

What are the body’s physical barriers?

A

Skin, mucus, commensal bacteria.

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2
Q

What are the leukocyte (white blood cell) components of the immune system?

A

Neutrophils, monocytes, macrophages, dendritic cells, basophils, eosinophils, mast cells, B cells, T cells, NK cells.

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3
Q

What are the soluble (humoral) factors of the immune system?

A

Antibodies, complement, cytokines, acute phase proteins.

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4
Q

What is the difference between a monocyte and a macrophage?

A

Monocytes are found circulating in the blood, macrophages reside in tissue.

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5
Q

What is a cytokines made of?

A

A collection of small proteins and peptides.

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6
Q

What do cytokines do?

A

Control behaviour of cells and co-ordinate the immune system.

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7
Q

What are antibodies made of?

A

Protein.

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8
Q

When are antibodies produced?

A

They are produced in response to binding to an antigen.

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9
Q

What is an antigen?

A

Any substance which can stimulate the immune system.

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10
Q

What do antibodies do?

A

They provide defence against extracellular pathogens, viruses and toxins.

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11
Q

What are B cells?

A

They produce and secrete antibodies.

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12
Q

Where are B cells found?

A

Secondary lymphoid tissue: spleen, tonsils, lymph nodes.

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13
Q

Where do B cells mature?

A

Bone marrow.

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14
Q

What do T cells do?

A

They defend the body against intercellular pathogens.

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15
Q

What kind of T cells are helper T cells?

A

CD4+ cells.

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16
Q

What do CD8+ T cells do?

A

They are cytotoxic cells and kill virally infected body cells.

17
Q

What immune system cells contain granules?

A

Mast cells, basophils, eosinophils and NK cells.

18
Q

What do natural killer (NK) cells do?

A

Kill tumour cells, virally infected cells, antibody bound cells, and pathogens.

19
Q

What do mast cells do?

A

They reside in tissue and protect mucosal surfaces.

20
Q

What do basophils and eosinophils do?

A

Circulate in the blood, recruited to site of infection by inflammatory signals.

21
Q

What immune response are basophils and eosinophils particularly associated with?

A

Allergic reactions.

22
Q

What do mast cells, basophils and eosinophils have in common?

A

They release chemicals (histamine, heparin, cytokines) which result in acute inflammation. They defend the body against large pathogens that cannot be phagocytosed.

23
Q

What is the complement system made up of?

A

~30 proteins.

24
Q

What does the complement system do?

A

Enters virally infected tissue and become activated and enzymatically activate other complement proteins in a ‘cascade’ reaction.

25
Q

What are the phagocytic cells?

A

Neutrophils, monocytes and macrophages.

1st Year Principles Immunology (1 decks)

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