Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Endocrinology > The hypothalamus-adenohypophysial axis > Flashcards

The hypothalamus-adenohypophysial axis Flashcards

1
Q

What is the bony dip the pituitary gland lies in called?

A

Sella Turcica

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Rough size of pituitary gland

A

Thumbnail size

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

How many lobes make up the pituitary gland?

A

2

Anterior and Posterior

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the anterior lobe in the pituitary gland called?

A

Adenohypophysis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the posterior lobe in the pituitary gland called?

A

Neurohypophysis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Embryological origin of adenohypophysis

A

Upward growth derived from part of Buccal cavity- Rathke’s pouch

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Embryological origin of neurohypophysis

A

Downward growth from base of brain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Which is the secretory lobe of the pituitary gland?

A

Adenohypophysis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Which is the neural lobe of the pituitary gland, made up of nerve axons derived from base of brain?

A

Neurohypophysis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is a collection of neural cell bodies?

A

Nuclei

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Where do hypothalamic nuclei send axons to in pituitary gland?

A

LONG: Down pituitary stalk to neurohypophysis
SHORT: To median eminence

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What can median eminence communicate with?

A

Systemic circulation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the Pars Distalis?

A

Body of anterior pituitary

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the Pars Tuberalis?

A

Part of anterior pituitary which wraps around pituitary stalk

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

How is the anterior pituitary gland regulated?

A

Via the bloodstream- a special circulation

= Hypothalamic- hypophyseal portal circulation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Where is the median eminence?

A

Between the pituitary stalk and the hypothalamus.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What are the 2 areas of the brain that are useful anatomical markers for distinguishing the posterior pituitary from the anterior?

A

Anterior - Optic chiasma

Posterior - Mammilary body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Describe the hypothalamic– hypophyseal portal circulation

A

Blood supplied by superior hypophyseal artery
Enters 1st plexus in median eminence
Travels down long portal vein
Enters 2nd plexus in anterior pituitary

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Plexus

A

Cluster of capillaries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

How does the hypothalamic-hypophyseal portal circulation allow communication with anterior pituitary

A

Capillary walls are fenestrated (leaky)
Hormone from hypothalamic neurone can enter at 1st plexus
Hormone leaks out at 2nd plexus and acts on anterior pituitary target cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What do short hypothalamic neurones which terminate in the median eminence lie on?

A

The surface of the primary capillary plexus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Name 5 adenohypophysial cells

A 
Somatotrophs
Lactotrophs
Thyrothrophs
Gonadotrophs
Corticotrophs
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What do somatotrophs produce?

A

Somatotrophin

Growth hormone

24
Q

What do lactotrophs produce?

A

Prolactin

25
Q

What do thyrotrophs produce?

A

Thyroid stimulating hormone

=TSH/ Thyrotrophin

26
Q

What do gonadotrophs produce?

A 
Luteinising Hormone (LH)
Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH)
27
Q

What do corticotrophs produce?

A

Adrenocorticotropic Hormone

=ACTH/ Corticotrophin

28
Q

Most hormones are made from longer precursors called

A

Pro-hormones

29
Q

Enzymatic cleavage of pro-hormone yields

A

Bioactive hormone

30
Q

What are adenohypophysial hormones stored in?

A

Secretory granules

31
Q

What are the longest adenohypophysial hormones?

A

Protein hormones:
Somatotrophin
Prolactin

32
Q

What are adenohypophysial glycoprotein hormones

A

TSH
LH
FSH

33
Q

What are the shortest adenohypophysial hormones?

A

Polypeptide hormones:

ACTH

34
Q

Which hypothalamic hormones regulate production of somatotrophin?

A

Growth hormone releasing hormone (GHRH)

Somatostatin (SS)

35
Q

Which hypothalamic hormones regulate production of Prolactin?

A

Dopamine

Thyrotrophin releasing hormone (TRH)

36
Q

Which hypothalamic hormones regulate production of TSH?

A

Thyrotrophin releasing hormone (TRH)

37
Q

Which hypothalamic hormones regulate production of LH and FSH?

A

Gonadotrophin releasing hormone (GnRH)

38
Q

Which hypothalamic hormones regulate production of ACTH?

A

Corticotrophin releasing hormone (CRH)

Vasopressin (VP)

39
Q

Which hypothalamic hormones are inhibitory?

A

Somatostatin

Dopamine

40
Q

How are hypothalamic hormones (and hence anterior pituitary hormones) released?

A

In a pulsatile fashion

41
Q

Which is the dominant hypothalamic hormone in regulation of somatotrophin?

A

GHRH

As SS is a short polypeptide (minor in comparison)

42
Q

Which is the dominant hypothalamic hormone in regulation of prolactin?

A

Dopamine

43
Q

What are the main targets of growth hormone?

A 
General body tissue
Particularly liver (causes secretion of IGF 1 and 2)
44
Q

What are the main targets of Prolactin?

A

Breasts in lactating women

45
Q

What is the main target of thyrotrophin?

A

Thyroid

46
Q

What are the main targets of gonadotrophins?

A

Testes (men)

Ovaries (women)

47
Q

What is the main target of corticotrophin?

A

Adrenal cortex

48
Q

Why does growth hormone stimulate liver to make IGF 1 and 2?

A

They are somatomedins (mediate growth)

IGF 1 also has indirect effect on growth (has anabolic and metabolic effects)

49
Q

What are the indirect effects on growth caused by IGF 1?

A

Stimulation of aa transport into cells and protein synthesis
Increased gluconeogenesis
Stimulation of lipolysis leading to increased fatty acid production
Increased cartilaginous and somatic cell growth

50
Q

What is the “on” switch for growth hormone?

A

GHRH

51
Q

What is the “off” switch for growth hormone?

A

Somatostatin

52
Q

What does dopamine constantly inhibit?

A

Production of prolactin by lactotrophs in anterior pituitary

53
Q

What do you need to increase prolactin?

A

Reduction in dopamine

54
Q

What is prolactin essential for?

A

Milk production

55
Q

How is prolactin regulated?

A

By neuro-endocrine reflex arc

56
Q

What is the neuro-endocrine reflex arc in a breast feeding woman?

A
  • Neural part- suckling stimulates neuronal tactile receptors
  • Feedback to hypothalamic dopamineuric neurones
  • Suppresses dopamine
  • Less inhibition of prolactin
  • More prolactin released
  • Formation of milk in breast

Endocrinology (12 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions