The Human Organisms Flashcards
The study of structure and shape of the body and its parts
Anatomy
The study of how the body and its parts work and function
Physiology
Two goals of Physiology
Response and Maintenance
Levels of Study in Anatomy
Gross Anatomy, Microscopic Anatomy, Developmental Anatomy
Ways to examine the internal structures
Surface Anatomy, Anatomical Imaging
Study of the body by systems (e.g. cardiovascular system, nervous system etc.)
Systematic Anatomy
Study of the organization of the body by areas (e.g. head, abdomen)
Regional Anatomy
Study of large structures, and easily observable
Gross Anatomy
Study of structures that cannot be seen with the naked eye, can be only viewed in the microscope
Microscopic Anatomy
Microscopic anatomy is associated with:
Cytology and Histology
Study of structural changes from fertilization to maturity
Developmental Anatomy
Developmental anatomy is associated with:
Embryology
How is anatomy and physiology related?
- Structure determines what functions can occur
- If structure changes, the function must also change
Six Levels of Organizations
Chemical, Cells, Tissue, Organs, Organ Systems, Organisms
What is the six essentials characteristics in life?
Organization, Responsiveness, Metabolism, Reproduction, Development, Growth
What characteristics of life has the ability to sense the changes in the environment and react to it?
Responsiveness
What characteristics of life has the ability to break down complex molecules from smaller one?
Metabolism
What characteristics of life occurs on cellular level or organismal level?
Reproduction
What characteristics of life increases cell size and number cell?
Growth
Give at least two survival needs
Nutrients, Oxygen, Water, Stable Body Temperature, Atmospheric pressure must be appropriate
Group of similar cells
Tissue
Group of organs classified as a unit because of a common function
Organ System
Any living thing considered as a whole
Organisms
Refers to the maintenance of a relatively constant environment which is necessary for normal body functioning and sustaining life
Homeostasis
Refers to the disturbance in homeostasis which results disease
Homeostasis Imbalance
Refers to the measure of body properties that may change in value (e.g. body temperature, heart rate)
Variables
True or False: During some situations, there are beneficial deviations from body set points,
True, because sometimes deviations are beneficial, such as the changes in heart and blood pressure seen in exercise.
Which organ systems regulate the production of the red blood cells
Urinary System
Two feedback system
Negative and Positive Feedback Mechanism
Refers to the feedback mechanism which deviates from the set point made smaller or resisted
Negative Feedback Mechanism
Refers to the feedback mechanism which occurs when the initial stimulus further stimulate or amplify the response
Positive Feedback Mechanism
Monitors the value of a variable
Receptor
Determines the set point for the variable and receives input from the receptor about the variable, such as part of the brain
Control Center
Change the value of the variable when directed by the control center
Effector
Describe the anatomical position
A person standing erect with the face directed forward, the upper limbs hanging to the sides, and the palms of the hands facing forward
Lying face upward
Supine
Lying face downward
prone
