The Human Organism Flashcards

1
Q

In the nervous system, what part contains the brain and the spinal chord?

A

Central nervous system.

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2
Q

If something occurs outside the central nervous system, then it occurs in the blank.

A

Peripheral nervous system.

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3
Q

If you spill coffee on your hand, what part of the nervous system is activated?

A

Autonomic nervous system.

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4
Q

If air traffic control tells you to change your heading 010, what part of the nervous system is activated?

A

The somatic nervous system.

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5
Q

The autonomic nervous system can be split up into the sympathetic and the parasympathetic nervous system. Explain the sympathetic nervous system.

A

The fight or flight response.

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6
Q

The autonomic nervous system can be split up into the sympathetic and the parasympathetic nervous system. Explain the parasympathetic nervous system.

A

The rest and digest cycle.

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7
Q

What do proprioceptors allow humans to do?

A

Allow us to respond to the space around us.

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8
Q

Where are mechanoreceptors located?

A

Tendons.

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9
Q

Blank is a biologically based trait that increases as there is an increased awareness to environmental stimulation.

A

Sensitivity.

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10
Q

When do you use photopic vision and are cones or rods used during this time?

A

Daytime. Cones.

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11
Q

When do you use photopic vision and are cones or rods used during this time?

A

Daytime. Cones.

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12
Q

When do you use scotopic vision and are cones or rods used during this time?

A

Nighttime. Rods.

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13
Q

What happens to your sensory threshold when you become tired?

A

It increases.

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14
Q

What happens to your sensory threshold when you are in a club with loud music?

A

It increases.

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15
Q

What happens to your sensitivity when your sensitivity threshold increases?

A

It decreases.

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16
Q

What is the term for when you have a decrease in behavioural response after repeated exposure?

A

Habituation.

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17
Q

You are in the cockpit and the you drown out the sound of the engine is an example of what?

A

Habituation

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18
Q

What is the name of the artery and veins that surround the heart?

A

Coronary.

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19
Q

What vein and artery go to and from the lungs?

A

Pulmonary.

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20
Q

A pulse is a blank blank that is caused by the pumping of the heart.

A

Pressure wave.

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21
Q

What is a heart stroke?

A

1 heart beat.

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22
Q

The amount if blood pumped by the left ventricle into the aorta, in one contraction, is also known as what?

A

The stroke volume.

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23
Q

What is the average stroke volume in a healthy adult?

A

70ml.

24
Q

120/80 is the average blood pressure for a healthy adult. What is the top value?

A

Systolic.

25
Q

120/80 is the average blood pressure for a healthy adult. What is the bottom value?

A

Diostolic.

26
Q

What is the name of the pressure exerted when the heart contract?

A

Systolic.

27
Q

What is the name of the pressure when then blood rushes back to fill the hearts ventricles?

A

Diastolic.

28
Q

How does haemoglobin work?

A

Contains iron which attracts oxygen.

29
Q

How much oxygen do red blood cells carry?

A

95%

30
Q

How much oxygen does plasma carry?

A

5%

31
Q

At sea level, what is the saturation levels of oxygen in blood?

A

97.5%

32
Q

Why does anaemia mean for oxygen levels and why?

A

Lack of iron reduces oxygen levels.

33
Q

At 20,000ft , what is the saturation levels of oxygen in blood?

A

65%

34
Q

What does hypertension mean?

A

High blood pressure.

35
Q

If your blood pressure is greater than 160/95, then you may have blank.

A

Hypertension.

36
Q

True or false : a nose bleed is a symptom of hypertension?

A

True.

37
Q

True or false : vomiting is a symptom of hypertension?

A

False.

38
Q

True or false : coronary heart disease is a consequence of hypertension?

A

True.

39
Q

True or false : kidney failure is a consequence of hypertension?

A

True.

40
Q

What is hypotension?

A

Low blood pressure.

41
Q

What may you have if your blood pressure is less than 90/60?

A

Hypotension.

42
Q

True or false : tiredness is a symptom of hypotension.

A

True.

43
Q

True or false : congestion is a symptom of hypotension.

A

True.

44
Q

True or false : vertigo is a symptom of hypotension.

A

False.

45
Q

True or false : fainting is a symptom of hypotension.

A

True.

46
Q

True or false : hypertension is a cause of coronary heart disease.

A

True.

47
Q

True or false : smoking is a cause of coronary heart disease.

A

True.

48
Q

True or false : the flu is a cause of coronary heart disease.

A

False.

49
Q

Whats it called when the coronary arteries narrow?

A

Angina.

50
Q

When does angina occur?

A

During actions that require physical effort.

51
Q

What causes a heart attack?

A

A blood clot.

52
Q

What causes a cardiac arrest?

A

An electrical disturbance.

53
Q

What reading must you take at level with your heart?

A

Blood pressure.

54
Q

What is the average pulse of a healthy sportive adult in rest?

A

30-50 beats per minute.

55
Q

After a rapid (but NOT explosive) decompression most passengers and the crew are unconscious after 45s. How high approximately is the aircraft?

A

35000ft