The Human Movement System Flashcards
The Human Movement System (Kinetic Chain)
Made up of 3 interconnected components to produce movement: nervous, muscular, and skeletal systems
And use support mechanisms such as cardiorespiratory, digestive, and endocrine systems to function
The Nervous System
tells the muscular system when and how to move
collects all sensroy info and send a movement response for a specific outcome
If it inappropriately fires, sends misinformation to the muscles and therby alters movement
Central Nevous System
Brain and Spinal Cord
Primary function: to coordinate activity of all parts of the body
Peripheral Nervous System
extension of the CNS, includes nerve fibers that branch off from the spinal cord and extend to the body
Mechanoreceptors
Sensory receptors that respond to a change in position of the body tissue. Can be stimulated by touch, pressure, stretch and motion. Allow the body to gauge body position for proprioception
Neurons
Functional unit of the nervous system
Made up of cell body, axon, dendrites
Propioception
the awareness and percepton of body position and limb movements. Info comes from mechanoreceptors
Muscle Spindles
Mechanorecptors found in skeletal muscles
Measure the amount and rate of stretch
Stretch-O-Meter
When the muscle is lenghtened too much or too qucikly, sends message to CNS, resulting in muscular contraction as a protective response
Golgi Tendon Organs (GTOs)
located where the muscle and tendon converge
measures the amount and rate of tension that develops within a muscle
Tension-O-Meter
If the tension is too great or develops too fast, will cause the muscle to relax as a saftey response
During static stretching, this happens after the muscle spindle causes the protective muscular contraction
How long to hold a stretch
30 seconds
During static stretching, the GTO will cause the muscle to relax after the muscle spindle causes the protective muscular contraction
The conctracton creates the tension the GTO measures, and after 20-30 seconds of GTO stimulation it will signal the brain to have the muscle relax.
Muscle Fiber Types
Type I- Slow-Twitch
Type II - Fast-Twitch
Myofribrils
Tubular components fo muscle cells containing sacromeres and protein filaments
Sacromeres
Individual contracilile units made up of actin and myosin filaments
Type I Fibers
Slow-Twitch Speed - slower to reach maximal contraction
Larger numbers of capillaries, mitochondria, and myogloblin gives them greater ability to obtain and use oxygen - considered highly aerobic
more resistant to fatigue
smaller in size
produce less force
do not respond as well to muscle growth
long term contractions - stabilization
distant running
cross-country skiing
dance oriented formats
Type II Fibers
Fast-Twitch
fewer capillaries, mitochondria, myogloblin - less oxygen delivery - anaerobic
more susceptible to muscle enlargement
produce more speed and strength
but burst of intensity is short-lived
short term contractions - force and power
HIIT
Sprinting
Plyometric Jumping
