The human endocrine system

Question 1

what is a hormone?
what is it produced by?

Answer 1

a chemical substance
a gland

Question 2

what are hormones carried in?

Answer 2

the bloodstream

Question 3

what does a hormone do?

Answer 3

alters the activity of specific target organs

Question 4

what happens to the hormone once it has been used up?

Answer 4

it is destroyed by the liver

Question 5

what is the difference between the nervous and hormonal system in terms of ‘Type of signal’:

Answer 5

-Electrical (chemical at synapses)
-Chemical

Question 6

what is the difference between the nervous and hormonal system in terms of ‘Transmission of signal’:

Answer 6

-By nerve cells (neurones)
-By the bloodstream

Question 7

what is the difference between the nervous and hormonal system in terms of ‘Effectors’:

Answer 7

Muscles or glands Target cells in particular organs

Question 8

what is the difference between the nervous and hormonal system in terms of ‘Type of response’:

Answer 8

-Muscle contraction or secretion
-Chemical change

Question 9

what is the difference between the nervous and hormonal system in terms of ‘Speed of response’:

Answer 9

-Very rapid
-Slower

Question 10

what is the difference between the nervous and hormonal system in terms of ‘Duration of response’:

Answer 10

-Short (until nerve impulses stop)
-Long (until hormone is broken down)

Question 11

what are the 6 glands which secrete hormones?

Answer 11

-pituitary gland
-thyroid gland
-pancreas
-adrenal glands
-ovaries
-testes

Question 12

what hormone does the pituitary gland produce?

Answer 12

ADH (anti-diuretic hormone)

Question 13

what hormone does the thyroid gland produce?

Answer 13

thyroxine

Question 14

what hormone does the pancreas produce?

Answer 14

insulin

Question 15

what hormone do the adrenal glands produce?

Answer 15

adrenaline

Question 16

what hormones do the ovaries produce?

Answer 16

oestrogen

Question 17

what hormones do the testes produce?

Answer 17

testosterone

Question 18

what is the target organ of ADH?

Answer 18

the kidneys

Question 19

what is the role and effect of ADH? (2)

Answer 19

-Controlling the water content of the blood
-Increases reabsorption of water by the collecting ducts

Question 20

what are the target organs of adrenaline?

Answer 20

organs in the respiratory and circulatory systems

Question 21

what is the role and effect of adrenaline? (2)

Answer 21

-Preparation for ‘fight or flight’
-Increases breathing rate, heart rate, flow of blood to muscles, conversion of glycogen to glucose

Question 22

what is the target organ of insulin?

Answer 22

the liver

Question 23

what is the role and effect of insulin? (2)

Answer 23

-Controlling blood glucose levels
-Increases conversion of glucose into glycogen for storage

Question 24

what does the hypothalamus do? (2)

Answer 24

-detects changes in hormone levels
-will release hormones which control the pituitary gland or other organs.

Question 25

what is homeostasis?

Answer 25

the maintenance of constant internal conditions in an organism.

Question 26

which conditions must be kept constant within animals? (3)

Answer 26

-water concentration
-temperature
-glucose concentration

Question 27

what does a negative feedback control system do?

Answer 27

responds when conditions change from the ideal or set point and returns conditions to this set point

Question 28

what generally happens with negative feedback is conditions fall or rise? (2)

Answer 28

if the level of something rises, control systems reduce it again
if the level of something falls, control systems raise it again

Question 29

what is body temperature controlled by?

Answer 29

the hypothalamus

Question 30

what happens when your body gets too hot or too cold? (2)

Answer 30

-if your body gets too hot, your body begins to sweat, which reduces body temperature.
-if the body gets too cold, your body begins to shiver to raise body temperature.