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EMT - B Quizzes (Summer 2024) > The Human Body / Directional Terms > Flashcards

The Human Body / Directional Terms Flashcards

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1
Q

The diaphragm separates what two cavities?

A

Thoracic Cavity

Abdominal Cavity

(226)

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2
Q

The left side of the heart receives blood from:

A

Pulmonary Vein (209)

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3
Q

In directional terms, the sternum is ____ to the spinal column.

A

Anterior

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4
Q

List three responses from stimulation of the parasympathetic nervous system.

A

Decreased blood pressure
Decreased respiratory rate
Decreased heart rate
Increased digestive activity
Pupil constriction

(Part of the autonomic nervous system that helps the body relax and digest.)

(223)

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5
Q

You are treating an unresponsive patient who is breathing adequately. You place the patient in the left lateral position to keep the patient’s airway open and clear. What is another name for the position in which you have placed the patient.

A

Recovery position

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6
Q

In directional terms, the shoulder is ____ to the elbow.

A

Proximal

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7
Q

The central nervous system has two components, list them.

A

Brain

Spinal cord

(220)

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8
Q

List three structures of the lower airway.

A

Trachea
Bronchi
Bronchioles
Alveoli
Lungs

(220)

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9
Q

List the three types of muscle (do not list voluntary and involuntary)

A

Smooth - (Involuntary)

Cardiac - (Involuntary)

Skeletal - (Voluntary)

(197)

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10
Q

Name two of the four bones that make up the cranium.

A

Frontal
Parietal
Temporal
Occipital

(193)

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11
Q

In the healthy adult patient, the impulse to breathe is a result of what happening in the CSF

A

High levels of CO2 in the blood

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12
Q

A patient has fractured both femurs, Anatomically these injuries would be described as:

A

Bilateral

(172)

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13
Q

Which of the blood vessels are the smallest in size? What is their primary function?

A

Capillaries

Gas and nutrient exchange

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14
Q

In terms of the anatomy, medial means nearer to the:

A

Midline/center of the body

(171)

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15
Q

The circulation of blood in through an organ is called:

A

Perfusion

(215)

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16
Q

List the three parts of the brain.

A

Brain stem
Cerebrum
Cerebellum

(221)

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17
Q

A patient found lying on their back is in what anatomical position?

A

Supine

(173)

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18
Q

Name the five different types of vertebrae in descending order.

A

Cervical (7)
Thoracic (12)
Lumbar (5)
Sacram (5)
Coccyx (4)

(193-4)

19
Q

What is the name of the top two chambers of the heart?

A

The right and left Atria

(209)

20
Q

The minimum blood pressure to generate a carotid pulse is:

A

60 mm Hg

21
Q

Which organ is located in the right upper quadrant?

A

Liver

(227)

22
Q

The elbow is an example of that type of joint?

A

Hinge joint

(192-3)

23
Q

List three complications that cause a decrease in blood pressure.

A

Loss of blood or its fluid components

Loss of vascular tone and sufficient arterial constriction to maintain the necessary even without any actual fluid or blood loss

A cardiac pumping problem

(388)

24
Q

Name two of the major facial bones

A

Maxillea
Mandible
Zygomas
Nasal bone

(193)

25
Q

Adequate blood pressure is necessary to:

A

Perfusion to organs

(215)

26
Q

What does blood pressure measure?

A

The pressure that the blood exerts against the walls of the arteries as it passes through them

(410) (215)

27
Q

List two responses the heart would have when stimulated by the parasympathetic nervous system:

A

Reduction of heart rate and force of contraction (223)

28
Q

What is ventilation? What is respiration?

A

Ventilation is air going in and out of the lungs

Respiration is the process of gas exchange

(203)

29
Q

The right side of the heart receives blood from:

A

Superior and inferior vena cava

(214)

30
Q

Name two bones in the forearm.

A

Radius and ulna

(195)

31
Q

What is perfusion?

A

Adequate circulation of blood through the body’s organs and tissues

(215)

32
Q

What are two of the body’s compensatory mechanisms for a drop in blood pressure?

A

Increased heart rate and constriction of the arteries

(388)

33
Q

The nervous system is divided into two main sections, list them:

A

Central nervous system (CNS)

Peripheral nervous system (PNS)

(220)

34
Q

List two types of smooth muscles:

A

Intestines and blood vessels

(197)

35
Q

What is the function of the pulmonary arteries (be very specific):

A

Pulmonary arteries bring oxygen-poor blood from the heart to the lungs

(208)

36
Q

The most superior structure in the lower airway is the:

A

Trachea

(200)

37
Q

What is the function of the alveoli:

A

It is within these alveolar sacs that oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged between the lungs and the bloodstream. (201)

38
Q

Which vessels supply the brain with oxygenated blood?

A

Carotid arteries

(222)

39
Q

What is the function of the left ventricle?

A

A high-pressure pump that pumps blood to the body

(209)

40
Q

You are transporting a patient in the high-fowler position. Describe the position in which patient has been placed

A

The patient is sitting with their back rested at a 90-degree angle (174)

NOTE: Semi-Fowler is sitting with the back of the stretcher at a 45-degree angle

41
Q

In directional terms the trachea is _________ to the esophagus

A

Anterior or Ventral

(172)

42
Q

Which anatomical position aids in keeping the airway open and protecting a patient’s airway

A

Recovery position and Fowler’s position (173)

43
Q

The term used to describe a body part near the feet is:

A

Inferior

(170)

44
Q

In directional terms, the wrist is ________ to the elbow

A

Distal

(170)

EMT - B Quizzes (Summer 2024) (20 decks)

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