Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Anatomy and Physiology 1 > The Human Body: An Orientation > Flashcards

The Human Body: An Orientation Flashcards

1
Q

Study of the structure of the body parts and their relationship to one another

A

Anatomy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Study of the function of body parts; how they work to carry out life-sustaining activities

A

Physiology

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

The study of large, visible structures

A

Macroscopic Anatomy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Looks at all structures in a particular area of the body

A

Regional Anatomy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Looks at just one system (cardiovascular, muscular, exc.)

A

System Anatomy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Looks at internal structures as they relate to overlying skin (visible muscle masses or veins seen on surface)

A

Surface Anatomy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Deals with structures too small to be seen with the naked eye

A

Microscopic Anatomy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Microscopic study of cells

A

Cytology

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Microscopic study of tissues

A

Histology

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Studies anatomical and physiological development throughout life

A

Developmental Anatomy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Study of developments before birth

A

Embryology

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

To study anatomy, one must know anatomical terminology and be able to _____, ______, _____, and _____.

A

Observe
Manipulate
Palpate
Ausculate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q
  • Based on organ systems

- Often focuses on cellular and molecular levels of the body

A

Subdivisions of Physiology

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

To study physiology, one must understand basic _____ principles as well as basic _____ principles.

A

Physical

Chemical

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

The human body is very _____, from the smallest chemical level to the whole organism level.

A

Organized

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Anatomy and physiology are _____.

A

Inseparable

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Function always reflects _____.

A

Structure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What a structure can do depends on its specific ____.

A

Form

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Humans are ____, so to function, individual cells must be kept alive.

A

Multi-cellular

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Organ systems are designed to _____ ___ ____.

A

Service the cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

All cells depend on _____ ____ to meet their survival needs.

A

Organ Systems

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Separation between internal and external environment must exist.

A

Maintaining Boundaries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Ability to sense and respond to stimuli

A

Responsiveness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Muscular system allows _____.

A

Movement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Breakdown of ingested food, followed by absorption of simple molecules into blood.

A

Digestion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

All chemical reactions that occur in body cells

A

Metabolism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

At the cellular level, reproduction involves the division of ____ for growth or repair.

A

Cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

At the organismal level, reproduction is the production of _____.

A

Offspring

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Removal of wastes from metabolism and digestion.

A

Excretion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Increase in size of a body part or of an organism

A

Growth

31
Q

Chemicals for energy and cell building

A

Nutrients

32
Q

Major source of energy

A

Carbohydrates

33
Q

Needed for cell building and cell chemistry

A

Proteins

34
Q

Long-term energy storage

A

Fats

35
Q

Involved in chemical reactions as well as for structural purposes

A

Vitamins and Minerals

36
Q

Essential for release of energy from foods

A

Oxygen

37
Q

Most abundant chemical in body; provides the watery environment needed for chemical reactions

A

Water

38
Q

If body temp falls below or goes above _____, rates of chemical reactions are affected.

A

37C or 98.6F

39
Q

Specific pressure of air is needed for adequate _____ and ____ ______ in the lungs.

A

Breathing

Gas Exchange`

40
Q

The maintenance of relatively stable internal conditions despite continuous changes in environment

A

Homeostasis

41
Q

Body must be constantly monitored and regulated to maintain _____

A

Homeostasis

42
Q

Homeostatic control of variables involves three components:

A

Receptor
Control Center
Effector

43
Q
  • Monitors environment

- Responds to stimuli

A

Receptor (sensor)

44
Q

Things that cause changes in controlled variables

A

Stimuli

45
Q
  • Determines set point at which variable is maintained
  • Receives input from receptors
  • Determines appropriate response
A

Control Center

46
Q
  • Receives output from control center
  • Provides the means to respond
  • Response either reduces stimulus or enhances stimulus
A

Effector

47
Q
  • Most used feedback mechanism in the body

- Response reduces or shuts off original stimulus

A

Negative Feedback

48
Q
  • Response enhances or exaggerates the original stimulus
  • May exhibit a cascade or amplifying effect as feedback causes variable to continue in in same direction as initial change
  • Usually controls infrequent events that do not require continuous adjustment
A

Positive Feedback

49
Q
  • Increases risk of disease

- Contributes to changes associated with aging

A

Homeostatic Imbalance

50
Q

If negative feedback mechanisms become overwhelmed, destructive _____ _____ mechanisms may takeover.

A

Positive Feedback

51
Q

Body erect, feet slightly apart, palms facing forward with thumbs pointing away from the body

A

Standard Anatomical Position

52
Q

Describes one body structure in relation to another body structure

A

Directional Terms

53
Q

Head, neck and trunk

A

Axial

54
Q

Limbs (legs and arms)

A

Appendicular

55
Q

Designate specific areas within body divisions

A

Regional Terms

56
Q

Surfaces along which body or structures may be cut for anatomical study

A

Body Planes

57
Q

Cuts made along a body plane

A

Sections

58
Q
  • Divides body vertically into right and left parts

- Produces a sagittal section if cut along this plane

A

Sagittal Plane

59
Q

Cut was made perfectly on the midline

A

Midsagittal Plane

60
Q

Cut was off-centered, not on midline

A

Parasagittal Plane

61
Q

-Divides body vertically into anterior and posterior parts

A

Frontal (coronal) Plane

62
Q
  • Divides body horizontally into superior and inferior parts

- Produces a cross section

A

Transverse Plane

63
Q

Result of cuts at angle other than 90’ to vertical plane

A

Oblique Section

64
Q
  • Protects fragile nervous system

- Two subdivisions: Cranial and Vertebral

A

Dorsal Body Cavity

65
Q

Encases brain

A

Cranial Cavity

66
Q

Encases spinal cord

A

Vertebral Cavity

67
Q
  • Houses the internal organs

- Two subdivisions separated by the diaphragm: Thoracic and Abdominopelvic

A

Ventral Body Cavity

68
Q

Thin, double-layered membranes that cover surfaces in the ventral body cavity

A

Serosa (or serous membrane)

69
Q

Lines internal body cavity walls

A

Parietal Serosa

70
Q

Covers internal organs

A

Visceral Serosa

71
Q

Double layers are seperated by slit-like cavity filled with ___ ___

A

Serous Fluid

72
Q

Divisions used primarily by medical personnel

A

Quadrants

73
Q

Cavities not exposed to the environment

A

Synovial Cavities

Anatomy and Physiology 1 (2 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions