The Human Body: An Orientation

Question 1

What is Anatomy?

Answer 1

Anatomy: The study of
structures and their
relationships to one
another

Question 2

What is Physiology?

Answer 2

Physiology: The study of
how the structures
function

Question 3

Two topics of anatomy

Answer 3

1. Microscopic
2. Macroscopic

Question 4

Levels of organization, largest to smallest

Answer 4

1. Organism
2. Organ system
3. Organ
4. Tissue
5. Cellular
6. Chemical

Question 5

What keeps the organism
alive and healthy?

Answer 5

1. Maintaining boundaries
2. Movement
3. Responsiveness (irritability)
4. Digestion
5. Metabolism
6. Excretion
7. Reproduction
8. Growth & Differentiation

Question 6

Homeostasis

Answer 6

The body’s ability to maintain stable internal conditions even though the external environment is changing

Question 7

Integumentary system

Answer 7

1. Protects against environmental
   hazards
2. Helps control body temperature
3. Houses sensory receptors

Question 8

Skeletal system

Answer 8

1. Protects & supports organs
2. Mineral storage
3. Blood formation

Question 9

Muscular system

Answer 9

1. Allows locomotion
2. Maintains posture
3. Produces heat

Question 10

Nervous system

Answer 10

Immediately responds to internal
& external stimuli by activating
other organ systems

Question 11

Endocrine system

Answer 11

Glands secrete hormones
that regulate the activities of
other organ systems

Question 12

Cardiovascular system

Answer 12

Transports blood, which
carries oxygen, carbon
dioxide, nutrients, & wastes

Question 13

Lymphatic system

Answer 13

1. Transports leaked fluid back to
   the cardiovascular system
2. Houses white blood cells

Question 14

Respiratory system

Answer 14

1. Gas exchange: supplies blood with oxygen while removing carbon
   dioxide

Question 15

Digestive system

Answer 15

1. Break down of food into absorbable molecules
2. Excretion of indigestible food

Question 16

Urinary system

Answer 16

1. Excretion of nitrogenous wastes
2. Regulates water, salts, and pH

Question 17

Reproductive system

Answer 17

1. Produces sex cells and
   hormones
2. Site of fertilization and
   development of fetus (Female
   only)

Question 18

Anatomical Position

Answer 18

The positioning of the body when it is standing upright and facing forward with each arm hanging on either side of the body, and the palms facing forward.

Question 19

Anatomical Directions

Answer 19

1. Anterior
2. Posterior
3. Superior
4. Inferior
5. Medial
6. Lateral
7. Proximal
8. Distal
9. Superficial
10. Deep

Question 20

Anterior

Answer 20

toward the front of the
body

Question 21

Posterior

Answer 21

toward the back part of
the body

Question 22

Superior

Answer 22

toward the upper part of
the body

Question 23

Inferior

Answer 23

toward the lower part of
the body

Question 24

Medial

Answer 24

toward the midline of the
body

Question 25

Lateral

Answer 25

away from the midline of
the body

Question 26

Proximal

Answer 26

closer to the point of
attachment

Question 27

Distal

Answer 27

farther away from the point
of attach

Question 28

Superficial

Answer 28

toward the body surface

Question 29

Deep

Answer 29

away from the body surface