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Anatomy & Physiology > The Human Body: An Orientation > Flashcards

The Human Body: An Orientation Flashcards

1
Q

During this time, people believed that medicine were supernaturally influenced. Meaning, it is an outcome of magic and religion.

A

Memphis, Egypt (2600 BC)

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2
Q

It is a surgical intervention in which a hole is drilled or scraped into the human skull.

A

Trepanning

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3
Q

He was a Greek physician, known for authoring extensively on anatomy and human physiology; works that defined the discipline for over a millennium

A

Galen of Pergamon

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4
Q

This is where Galen of Pergamon resided

A

Pergamon, Turkey (200 CE)

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5
Q

It is the belief that these humors—black bile, yellow bile, phlegm, and blood—are needed to remain balanced in order for people to remain healthy

A

Solidified Four-Humor Theory of Human Functions

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6
Q

He was one of the first physicians to accurately record and illustrate human anatomy based on his findings from autopsies and dissections.

A

Andreas Vesalius

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7
Q

He was one of the first to challenge the beliefs of Galen and dispute the claims set more than 1300 years ago.

A

Andreas Vesalius

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8
Q

Father of Modern Anatomy

A

Andreas Vesalius

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9
Q

the study of the structure or morphology of the body and how the body parts are organized.

A

Anatomy

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10
Q

The study of the structures that make up a discrete body system

A

Systemic Anatomy

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11
Q

the study of the interrelationships of all of the structures in a specific external and internal region of the body

A

Regional Anatomy

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12
Q

the study of the functions of body parts, what they do, and how they do it.

A

Physiology

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13
Q

the study of the diseases of the body.

A

Pathology

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14
Q

All life is highly ordered and structured. Not only do all living things that we know of have cells and cellular structures, but many living things also have larger-scale structure

A

Organization

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15
Q

the sum of all chemical processes that occur in the body.

A

Metabolism

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16
Q

It is the ability to sense changes (stimuli) in the environment and then to react to them

A

Responsiveness

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17
Q

can be an increase in cell size or an increase in body size that is usually accomplished by an increase in the number of cells.

A

Growth

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18
Q

It is the development of a cell from an unspecialised to a specialised state

A

Development

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19
Q

the production of a new individual. The formation of new cells occurs through cell division

A

Reproduction

20
Q

is the condition of equilibrium (balance) in the body’s internal environment due to the constant interaction of the body’s many regulatory processes

A

Homeostasis

21
Q

Enumerate the seven characteristics of Life

A 
Organization
Metabolism
Responsiveness
Growth
Development
Reproduction
Homeostasis
22
Q

What are the five levels of BIOLOGICAL ORGANIZATION

A 
Chemical level
Cellular Level
Tissue Level
Organ Level
System Level
Organismal Level
23
Q

Explain the levels of biological organization

A

Atoms-molecules-cells-tissues-organs- organ system-organism

24
Q

Participates in body movements, such as walking; maintains posture; produces heat.

A

Muscular System

25
Q

Generates action potentials (nerve impulses) to regulate body activities; detects changes in body’s internal and external environments, interprets changes, and responds by causing muscular contractions or glandular secretions.

A

Nervous System

26
Q

Regulates body activities by releasing hormones (chemical messengers transported in blood from endocrine gland or tissue to target organ).

A

Endocrine System

27
Q

Heart pumps blood through blood vessels; blood carries oxygen and nutrients to cells and carbon dioxide and wastes away from cells and helps regulate acid–base balance, temperature, and water content of body fluids

A

Cardiovascular System

28
Q

Lymphatic fluid and vessels; spleen, thymus, lymph nodes, and tonsils; cells that carry out immune responses (B cells, T cells, and others).

A

Lymphatic System And Immunity

29
Q

Transfers oxygen from inhaled air to blood and carbon dioxide from the blood to exhaled air

A

Respiratory System

30
Q

Achieves physical and chemical breakdown of food

A

Digestive System

31
Q

eliminates wastes and regulates volume and chemical composition of blood; helps maintain the acid–base balance of body fluids

A

Urinary System

32
Q

onads also release hormones that regulate reproduction and other body processes

A

Reproductive Systems

33
Q

describes the body’s ability to maintain relatively stable internal conditions even though the outside world is continuously changing.

A

HOMEOSTASIS

34
Q

Conditions around the cell whose values change over time

A

Variables

35
Q

The ideal value of a variable

A

Set Point

36
Q

A certain range above and below the set points where homeostasis is maintained.

A

Normal Range

37
Q

Methods of manipulating a variable to remain within the normal range.

A

Homeostatic Mechanisms

38
Q

It is a cycle of events in which the status of a body condition is monitored, evaluated, changed, remonitored, reevaluated, and so on.

A

Feedback System (or feedback loop)

39
Q

It is a monitored variable, such as body temperature, blood pressure, or blood glucose level

A

controlled condition

40
Q

Any disruption that changes a controlled condition

A

stimulus

41
Q

What are the components of homeostatic Control Sysyesm

A

Receptor
Control Center
Effector

42
Q

It is a type of sensor that monitors and responds to changes in the environment.

A

Receptor

43
Q

determines the level (setpoint) at which a variable is to be maintained.

A

Control Center

44
Q

Provides the means for the control center’s response (output) to the stimulus.

A

Effector

45
Q

reverses a change in a controlled condition.

A

Negative Feedback

46
Q

are rare in the body because they tend to increase the original disturbance (stimulus) and to push the variable farther from its original value.

A

Positive Feedback

Anatomy & Physiology (3 decks)

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