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Amino Acids > The Human Body > Flashcards

The Human Body Flashcards

1
Q

study of structure, or physical form of the body

A

Anatomy

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2
Q

is the study of how the body and its parts work or function ( physio = nature; ology = the study of

A

Physiology

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3
Q

atoms combine to form molecules

A

chemical level of organization

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4
Q

includes cells, the smallest living units in the body

A

cellular level of organization

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5
Q

collections of 2 or more cells that function together for a specific task

A

tissue level of organization

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6
Q

A group of similar cells that perform the same function.

A

tissue

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7
Q

smallest unit of life

A

cells

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8
Q

composed of 2 or more tissue types that performs a specific function for the body

A

organ

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9
Q

group of organs that work together to accomplish a common purpose

A

organ system

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10
Q

11 organ systems make up living human being, or the organism

-highest level of organization

A

organismal level of organization

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11
Q

the external covering of the body, or the skin, including the hair and fingernails

A

integumentary system

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12
Q

the muscles of the body

A

muscular system

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13
Q

its function is to contract, shorten and when this happens, movement occurs

A

muscles

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14
Q

body’s fast-acting control system

A

nervous system

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15
Q

detect changes in temperature, pressure, or light and send messages to the central nervous system

A

sensory receptors

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16
Q

controls body activities, but acts much more slowly than the nervous system

A

endocrine system

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17
Q

produce chemical molecules called hormones and release them into the blood to travel to relatively distant target organs

A

endocrine glands

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18
Q

primary organs are the heart and blood vessels

-delivers oxygen, nutrients, hormones, and other substances to, and picks up waste such as carbon dioxide from, cells near sites of exchange

A

cardiovascular system

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19
Q

help protect the body from such foreign invaders as bacteria, viruses, and tumor cells

A

white blood cells

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20
Q

pumps blood out of its chambers into blood vessels to be transported to all body tissues

A

heart

21
Q

its organs include lymphatic vessels, lymph nodes, and other lymphoid organs such as spleen and tonsils

-helps clean blood and house white blood cells

A

lymphatic system

22
Q

its job is to keep the body supplied with oxygen and to remove carbon dioxide

A

respiratory system

23
Q

is basically a tube running through the body from mouth to anus

A

digestive system

24
Q

removes nitrogen-containing wastes from the blood and flushes them from the body in urine
-maintaining body’s water and salt balance, regulating the acid -base balance of the blood, helping regulate normal blood pressure

A

urinary system

25
Q

its role is to produce offspring

A

reproductive system

26
Q

includes all activities promoted by the muscular system, such as propelling ourselves from one place to another an manipulating the external environment with our fingers.

A

movement

27
Q

nutrients and wastes passes between blood and cells via…

A

interstitial fluid

28
Q

the ability to sense changes (stimuli) in the environment and then to react to them.

A

responsiveness

29
Q

the process of breaking down ingested food into simple molecules that can then be absorbed into the blood

A

digestion

30
Q

broad term that refers to all chemical reactions that occur within the body and all of its cells
- regulated chiefly by hormones secreted by the glands of the endocrine system

A

metabolism

31
Q

is the process of removing excreta

(ek-skre′tah), or wastes, from the body.

A

excretion

32
Q

which the body takes in through
food, contain the chemicals used for energy and
cell building.

A

nutrients

33
Q

major energy-providing fuel for the body cells

A

carbohydrates

34
Q

essential for building cell structures

A

protein and fats

35
Q

cushion body organs and provide reserve fuel

A

fats

36
Q

required for the chemical reactions that go on in cells and for oxygen transport in the blood

A

minerals and vitamins

37
Q

accounts for 60 to 80 percent of body
weight, depending on the age of the individual. It is
the single most abundant chemical substance in the
body and provides the fluid base for body secretions and excretions.

A

water

38
Q

The force exerted on the surface of the body

by the weight of air

A

atmospheric pressure

39
Q

accurately describe body parts and position,
-we always
assume that the body is in a standard position

A

anatomical position

40
Q

cranial or cephalic
-Toward the head end or upper part
of a structure or the body; above

e.g
The forehead is superior to
the nose.

A

superior

41
Q

caudal
-Away from the head end or toward
the lower part of a structure or the
body; below

e.g
The navel is inferior to the
breastbone

A

inferior

42
Q

ventral
-Toward or at the front of the body;
in front of

e.g.
The breastbone is anterior to the
spine.

A

anterior

43
Q

dorsal
-Toward or at the backside of the
body; behind

e.g
The heart is posterior to the
breastbone.

A

posterior

44
Q

Toward or at the midline of the body;
on the inner side of

e.g.
The heart is medial to the arm.

A

medial

45
Q

Away from the midline of the body;
on the outer side of

e.g.
The arms are lateral to the chest.

A

lateral

46
Q

Close to the origin of the body part
or the point of attachment of a limb
to the body trunk

e.g.
The elbow is proximal to the
wrist (meaning that the elbow
is closer to the shoulder or
attachment point of the arm
than the wrist is).
A

proximal

47
Q

Farther from the origin of a body
part or the point of attachment of a
limb to the body trunk

e.g.
The knee is distal to the thigh.

A

distal

48
Q

external
- Toward or at the body surface

e.g.
The skin is superficial to the
skeleton.

A

superficial

49
Q

internal
-Away from the body surface; more
internal

e.g.
The lungs are deep to the rib
cage.

A

deep

Amino Acids (2 decks)

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