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Microbiology > The History of Microbiology > Flashcards

The History of Microbiology Flashcards

1
Q

Is the study of all living organisms
that are too small to be visible with
the naked eye.

A

Microbiology

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2
Q

What are the roles (5) of microorganisms?

A

Recycling nutrition, Photosynthesizes, Many food and beverages, Medicines, Hormones

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3
Q

Observed “little boxes” or
cells.

A

Robert Hooke

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4
Q

Father of Microbiology & Bacteriology

A

Antony Van Leeuwenhoek

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5
Q

Worked with animalcules found in his teeth

A

Antony Van Leeuwenhoek

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6
Q

First person to observe and describe microorganisms accurately.

A

Antony Van Leeuwenhoek

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7
Q

States that life arose from nonliving matter.

A

The Theory of Spontaneous Generation

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8
Q

Proposed the Theory of Spontaneous Generation

A

Aristotle

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9
Q

Disproved spontaneous generation for large insects by showing that maggots on decaying meat came from fly eggs.

A

Francesco Redi

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10
Q

An English clergyman who wondered if spontaneous generation would worked with microorganisms.

A

John Needham

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11
Q

Knew that boiling killed the organisms.

A

John Needham

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12
Q

The stoppers in his experiment were too loose which caused air to get inside.

A

John Needham

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13
Q

“Proved” that the microbes came from the non-living broth.

A

John Needham

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14
Q

Disagreed with John Needham and said that his jars were loosely sealed.

A

Lazarro Spallanzani

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15
Q

He said that microbes could have come from the air.

A

Lazarro Spallanzani

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16
Q

In his experiment, there were NO growth in ANY flasks in the end.

A

Lazarro Spallanzani

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17
Q

He hypothesized that more boiling should lead to less life and left some jars as Needham had to ensure “active principle” was not damaged.

A

Lazarro Spallanzani

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18
Q

A mysterious life force that allowed spontaneous generation to occur.

A

Active Principle

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19
Q

He challenged the spontaneous generation theory.

A

Rudolf Virchow

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20
Q

DEVELOPED the Theory of Biogenesis.

A

Rudolf Virchow

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21
Q

The theory that life can only come from life, and it refers to any process by which a lifeform can give rise to other lifeforms

A

Theory of Biogenesis.

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22
Q

A French chemist who entered a contest sponsored by French Academy of Sciences to either prove or disprove Spontaneous Generation.

A

Louis Pasteur

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23
Q

Father of Medical Microbiology

A

Louis Pasteur

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24
Q

Used swan-necked flask

A

Louis Pasteur

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25
Q

He boiled infusion

A

Louis Pasteur

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25
Q

Prevent contamination by unwanted microorganisms which are now the standard practice in laboratory and many medical procedures.

A

Aseptic Techniques

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26
Q

What were the years considered to be the Golden Age of Microbiology?

A

1860 to 1900

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27
Q

Discovered the relationship between microbes and disease & immunity and antimicrobial medicine.

A

Louis Pasteur

28
Q

His discovery of pasteurization lead him to INTRODUCE the “germ theory of disease”.

A

Louis Pasteur

29
Q

Process where it kills bacteria in the alcohol by heat, thus preventing the formation of acetic acid (vinegar).

A

Pasteurization

30
Q

Diseases are caused by the growth of microbes in the body.

A

Germ Theory of Disease

31
Q

Discovered that microbes are responsible for
fermentation.

A

Louis Pasteur

32
Q

Defined as a chemical change brought about using microorganisms.

A

Fermentation

33
Q

He also discovered that weak forms of a disease could be used as an immunization against stronger forms.

A

Louis Pasteur

34
Q

Developed vaccines for Anthrax (1881) and Rabies (1885)

A

Louis Pasteur

35
Q

PROVED the germ theory of disease

A

Robert Koch

36
Q

He developed an elaborate technique to isolate and identify specific pathogens that cause specific diseases.

A

Robert Koch

37
Q

Developed pure culture methods.

A

Robert Koch

38
Q

Identified the causes of anthrax (bacillus anthrax), TB (mycobacterium tuberculosis), and cholera (vibrio cholera).

A

Robert Koch

39
Q

Showed silkworm diseases were caused by a fungus.

A

Agostino Bassi

40
Q

Believed that another silkworm disease was caused by a protozoan.

A

Louis Pasteur

41
Q

Advocated hand washing to prevent transmission of fever from one OB patient to another.

A

Ignaz Semmelweis

42
Q

Father of Antiseptic Surgery

A

Joseph Lister

43
Q

Used chemical disinfectant (carbolic acid) to prevent surgical wound infections after reading Pasteur’s work.

A

Joseph Lister

44
Q

A precursor of smallpox vaccination.

A

Variolation

45
Q

Inoculation of healthy individuals with weakened forms of microorganisms to provide protection or active immunity from disease

A

Vaccination

46
Q

Discovered that cowpox (vaccinia) induced protection against human smallpox and called the procedure vaccination.

A

Edward Jenner

47
Q

They developed attenuated anthrax vaccine (chemical and heat treatment – potassium bichromate) and attenuated rabies vaccine.

A

Pasteur & Chamberland

48
Q

Discovered bacteria-engulfing, phagocytic cells in the blood.

A

Elie Metchnikoff

49
Q

Found evidence for cellular immunity.

A

Elie Metchnikoff

50
Q

Father of Epidemiology

A

John Snow

51
Q

He’s a physician in London that studies cholera in a systematic way.

A

John Snow

52
Q

A German botanist who discovered “heat-resistant forms of bacteria” which are now called Endospores.

A

Ferdinand Cohn

53
Q

He discovered that there were two types of bacteria in 1876

A

John Tyndall

54
Q

What are the 2 types of bacteria discovered by John Tyndall?

A

Heat resistant and Heat sensitive

55
Q

He demonstrated the alternate process of heating and
cooling if repeated five times, it can kill all the endospores. Known as the sterilization process or tyndallization.

A

John Tyndall

56
Q

He proposed a theory of immunity wherein antibodies were responsible for immunity (antitoxin).

A

Paul Ehrlich

57
Q

Father of Modern Chemotherapy

A

Paul Ehrlich

58
Q

Speculated about the “magic bullet” that would selectively
find and destroy pathogens but wouldn’t harm the host.

A

Paul Ehrlich

59
Q

Developed a staining procedure to identify tubercle bacilli.

A

Paul Ehrlich

60
Q

He observed that the growth of bacterium staphylococcus aureus was inhibited un the areas surrounding the colony of a mold that had contaminated a Petri plate.

A

Alexander Fleming

61
Q

He discovered penicillin

A

Alexander Fleming

62
Q

Used agar (extracted from seaweeds red algae) as a solidifying agent to harden media.

A

Walter Hesse

63
Q

Used agar dish to provide a large area to grow

A

Rechard Petri

64
Q

Developed a staining method that demonstrates bacteria and distinguish between Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria.

A

Christian Gram

65
Q

Discovered the first electron microscope.

A

Ernst Ruska

66
Q

They determined the structure of DNA

A

Watson and Crick

67
Q

Studied the relationship between genes and enzymes
using the bread mold, neurospora.

A

George W. Beadle & Edward L. Tatum

68
Q

Demonstrated spontaneous gene mutations in bacteria

A

Salvadore Luria & Max Delbruck

Microbiology (1 decks)

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