Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

The Histopathology Section > The Histopathology Section > Flashcards

The Histopathology Section Flashcards

1
Q

Histopathologic Techniques

A

involves different procedures that have been adopted for the preparation of materials and tissue for microscopic examination.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

12 steps in Histopathologic Techniques

A

Numbering, Fixation, Dehydration, Clearing, Wax impregnation, Embedding, Blocking, Trimming, Sectioning, Staining, Mounting, and Labelling

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Receptionist

A
  • Validates if the specimen is adequate or good for tissue processing.
  • 1st person that will receive the specimen and put it into the container
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Container: contain fixatives

A
  • Proportional to the size of the specimen
    o Clear
    o Unbreakable
    o Wide mouthed bottle
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Container: contain fixatives

A
  • Proportional to the size of the specimen
    o Clear
    o Unbreakable
    o Wide mouthed bottle
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Specimen source

A
  1. Bilateral organs
    o Examples: Extremities, kidneys, lungs and ovaries)
  2. Miscellaneous
    o Examples: age, sex, ward
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q
  1. Numbering
A

Basic information needed:
1. Date and time
2. Name of the patient
3. Specimen Number
o C - Cytology specimen
o A - Anatomical specimen
o S - Surgical specimen
❖ Example: S-09-2111

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q
  1. Fixation
A

Most critical step in histopathological techniques
- preservation of biological tissues

o Primary aim: preserve the morphology and chemical constituents of the tissue.

o Secondary aim: protect and harden the specimen for further handling.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Effects on Fixatives

A
  1. Inhibit bacterial growth and reduce the risk of infections
  2. Act as mordant or accentuator accelerating the staining process.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Type of Fixative

A

According to Actions
- Microanatomic Fixative
- Cytological Fixative
- Histochemical Fixative

According to Compositions
- Simple Fixative
- Compound Fixative

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Microanatomic Fixative

A
  • Involves small tissue or organ
    o 10% Formol Saline
    o 10% Neutral Buffered Formalin
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Cytological Fixative

A
  • Involves body fluid or secretion
    1. Nuclear Fixatives - Flemming’s Fluid, Bouin’s Fluid, Heidenhain’s Susa
    2. Cytoplasmic Fixatives Kelly’s Fluid, Orth’s Fluid
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Histochemical Fixative

A
  • Involves tissue containing labile substances
    o 10% Formol Saline
    o Absolute Ethyl Alcohol
    o Acetone
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Simple Fixative

A
  • Uses only one chemical for fixation
    1. Aldehydes - Formaldehyde, Glutaraldehyde
    2. Metallic Fixatives - Mercuric Chloride, Chromate Fixatives, Lead Fixatives
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Compound Fixative

A
  • The use of two or more chemicals for fixation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q
  1. Dehydration
A
  • Utilizing chemical known as dehydrating agents.
  • Removing of intracellular and extracellular water and fixatives in the tissue

o Examples: Alcohol (most commonly used), Acetone, Dioxane, Tetrahydrofuran, Cellosolve (Ethylene glycol monoethyl ether)

17
Q
  1. Clearing
A
  • Removing of dehydrating agents.
  • Xylene - most commonly used
18
Q
  1. Impregnation
A
  • Also known as infiltration.
  • The process whereby the clearing agent is completely removed from the tissue and replace by a medium that will completely fill all the tissue cavities.

❖ Paraffin wax impregnation
o Paraffin: the simplest, most common and best
embedding medium used for routine tissue
processing.

19
Q

Paraffin wax impregnation

A

Paraffin: the simplest, most common and best
embedding medium used for routine tissue
processing.

20
Q
  1. Embedding
A
  • Also known as casting or blocking.
  • The process by which the impregnated tissue is placed into a precisely arrange position in a mold containing medium which is then allowed to solidify
  • Four types of tissue impregnation:
    1. Parrafin wax
    2. Celloidin
    3. Gelatin
    4. Plastic
21
Q
  1. Blocking
A

Allows the medium to solidify to produce tissue block

22
Q
  1. Trimming
A
  • Process of removing excess wax after embedding
  • Can use knife/blade or heated spatula
23
Q
  1. Sectioning
A
  • Also known as cutting or microtomy
  • The process by which processed tissue is cut into uniformly thin slices to facilitate studies under microscope
24
Q

Microtome

A

machine or instrument used for cutting sections of tissue.

25
Q

Rocking Microtome

A

simplest and oldest type of microtome

26
Q

Rotary Microtome

A

for cutting serial sections of tissue
specimen

27
Q

Sliding Microtome

A

most dangerous

28
Q

Freezing Microtome

A

for urgent surgical biopsies specimen

29
Q

Cryostat Microtome

A

also known as cold microtome, permits
rapid penetration of tissue biopsies for surgical pathology

30
Q

Ultrathin Microtome

A

specimen for electron microscope

31
Q
  1. Staining
A

Tissue constituent are demonstrated in sections by direct
interaction with dye or staining solution producing coloration of
the active tissue component.

❖ Heamtoxylin and Eosin Staining
* Utilizes micro anatomical studies of tissue.
* It is a regressive staining method

32
Q

❖ Heamtoxylin and Eosin Staining

A
  • Utilizes micro anatomical studies of tissue.
  • It is a regressive staining method
33
Q
  1. Mounting
A
  • Mounting medium: the solution in which the specimen is
    embedded, generally under a cover glass.
  • It may be liquid, gum or resinous, soluble in water, alcohol or other solvents and be sealed from the external atmosphere by nonsoluble ringing media.
34
Q
  1. Labelling
A

Date and time
* Name of the patient
* Specimen Number
o C - Cytology specimen
o A - Anatomical specimen
o S - Surgical specimen

35
Q

Specimen for Examinations

A

Gynecological specimen
Non-gynecological specimen
Urine

36
Q

Gynecological specimen

A
  • Performed regularly even in pregnant women without
    undue risk
  • Example: Vaginal smear
36
Q

Gynecological specimen

A
  • Performed regularly even in pregnant women without
    undue risk
  • Example: Vaginal smear
37
Q

Non-gynecological specimen

A

Example: Respiratory tract specimens:
a. Sputum
b. Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL)

38
Q

Urine

A

Determine the presence of urethral cancer

The Histopathology Section (1 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions