The hip joint Flashcards
What does the sacroillac joint do?
Provides articulation with the sacrum
What does the pubic synthesis do?
Provides articulation between the left and right hip bones
What is the articulation of the femur?
Ball and socket synovial joint which articulates with the head of the femur
Describe the composition of the hip bone?
How does the composition differ in children and adults
Consits of the ilium, pubis and ischium
In children these are seperated by the triradiate cartilage
These start to fuse between 15 and 17 and are complete by 20-25
Together they form the acetabulum to form the hip joint - where the head of femur joins
Describe the illium?
Widest and largest and is located superiorly
Body of the ilium forms the superior part of the acetabulum , above this, the ilium exapands to form the wing
The Internal surface - has a concave shape which produces the iliac fossa (origin of the iliac muscle
The external surface - has a convex shape and provides attachments to the gluteal muscles
Iliac crest - thickened superior margin of the wing - extends from anterior superior illiac spine to posterior superior illiac spine
Describe the pubis?
Most anterior portion of the hip bone.
Consits of the pubis body - articulates with opposite pubic body and the pubic symphysis . Superior aspect is marked by a rounded thickening which extends to the pubic tubercle
Superior pubic ramus - extends laterally from the pubic body to acetabulum
Inferior pubic ramus - extends laterally from the pubic body to join the inferior ischial ramus - this forms the ischiopubic ramus
ramus = branch
What is the obturator foramen?
An area which is enclosed by the superior and inferior rami through which the obturator nerve, artery and vein passes through to reach the lower limb
What does the ischium form?
The posteroinferior part of the hip bone, body and superior and inferior ramus
Inferior ischial ramus - combines with inferior pubic ramus - forms ischiopubic ramus and encloses obturator foramen
posteroinferior aspect forms the ischial tuberosities - what you sit on when sitting on a chair
What is the sacrospinous ligament ?
Runs from the ischial spine to the sacrum, thus creating the greater sciatic foramen through which many nerves and vessels pass to enter the lower limb.
What is the sacrotuberous ligament?
This runs from the sacrum to the ischial tuberosity, forming the lesser sciatic foramen
Describe the acetabulum?
Forms a cup-like socket on the inferolateral aspect of the pelvis
What is the acetabular labrum?
A fibrocartilaginous collar which encircles the acetabulum, it deepens it and provides a more secure fit for the femoral head.
Describe the articulations of the femur?
The femur articulates with the acetabulum of the pelvis proximally to form the hip joint, and with the tibia and patella distally to form the knee joint. It is the longest bone in the human body
Describe the femoral head?
Covered with hyaline cartilage.
In the centre there is a small depression called the fovea capitis where the ligament teres (lig of HOF) attaches.
Describe the neck of the femur?
The neck connects the head of the femur to the femoral shaft.
It passes inferiorly, posteriorly and laterally, making an angle of approximately 125° with the long axis of the femoral shaft.
This angle is slightly smaller in females.
Describe the greater and lesser trochanters?
The greater and lesser trochanters are large bony prominences at the proximal end of the femoral shaft.
On the anterior aspect, they are connected by the intertrochanteric line and on the posterior aspect by the intertrochanteric crest
