the hip Flashcards
what is the hip joint called ?
coxal joint
what are the articulation surfaces ?
acetabulum of innominate
and head of femur
what bones are involved ?
innominate
femur
what bones make up the innominate ?
ischium, ilium, pubis
describe the articulating surfaces
- Spheroidal head of femur - convex
- Cup shaped acetabulum - concave
- They are reciprocally curved
how many degrees of freedom does coxal joint have?
3
what type of joint is the coxal joint ?
synovial ball and socket
what is the joint classification of the coxal joint?
diarthrosis
tri - axial
describe the head of the femur
- 2/3 of a sphere
- Covered in hyaline cartilage
- Central pit = fovea capitis
describe the neck of the femur
- Forms at 125 degrees with shaft – this is the angle of inclination
- Norm = 120 – 135 degrees
- Coxa vara = < 120
- Coxa valga = > 135 (“g” for Greater)
describe the acetabulum
- Hemispherical
- concave
- Faces laterally, anteriorly and inferiorly (outwards, forwards and downwards)
- Lunate surface – main weight taker of acetabulum – crescent shaped
- Acetabular notch – gap between two ends of lunate surface
- Acetabular fossa – floor of acetabulum that has a fat pad to act as a shock absorber
S&F of the acetabular labrum ?
S - Fibrocartilaginous ring attached around edge of acetabulum
F - Deepens acetabular socket to make bones even more congruent
describe the joint capsule at the joint
- Liner that holds synovial fluid in
- Strong due to fibres going in all different directions
O&I of the Illio-femoral ligament ?
O = AIIS (illium)
I = intertrochanteric line (femur)
O&I of the pubo-femoral ligament ?
O = illiopubic eminence (pubis)
I = intertrochanteric line (femur)
O&I of teh ischio-femoral ligament ?
O = body of ischium
I = greater trochanter
what does the ilio-femoral joint limit ?
- extension
- ADduction
- lateral rotation
- posterior tilt pelvis
what does the pubo-femoral ligament limit ?
- extension
- ABduction
- lateral rotation
what does the ischio-femoral ligament limit ?
- extension
- medial rotation
what movements are available at the coxal joint ?
give ROM
flexion = 0 -135
extension = 30 - 0
ABduction = 0 - 45
ADduction = 40 - 0
internal rotation = 0 - 45
what are the coxal flexors ? 5
- psoas major
- iliacus
- rectus femoris
- sartorius
- pectineus
what are the coxal extensors ? 2 (+3)
- gluteus maximus
- hamstrings
(semitensinosus, semimembranosus, biceps femoris)
what are the coxal ABductors ? 5
- Gluteus maximus
- Gluteus Medius
- Gluteus minimum
- Tensor fascia lata
- Sartorius
what are the coxal ADductors ? 5
- Adductor magnus
- Adductor longus
- Adductor brevis
- Gracilis
- Pectineus
what are the coxal medial rotators ? 3
- Tensor fascia lata
- Gluteus medius
- Gluteus minimum
what are the coxal lateral rotators ? 7 (3-7 unpalp)
- Gluteus maximus
- Piriformis
- Obturator internus
- Obturator externus
- Gemellus superior
- Gemellus inferior
- Quadratus femoris
