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Kinesiology > The Hip > Flashcards

The Hip Flashcards

1
Q

Describe the 3 portions of the acetabulum.

A

Lunate surface = articulates with the femoral head and is covered with hyaline cartilage

Acetabular fossa = deepest portion of the acetabulum

Acetabular Notch = 60 -70 degrees wide opening in inferior acetabulum.

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2
Q

What is the deepest portion of the acetabulum?

A

The acetabular fossa

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3
Q

What surface of the acetabulum articulates with the femoral head and is covered in hyaline cartilage?

A

Lunate surface

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4
Q

What is the wide opening in the inferior acetabulum?

A

Acetabular notch

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5
Q

Describe the orientation of the neck of the femur.

A

Angulated so head faces medially, superiorly and anteriorly with respect to the femoral shaft and distal femoral condyles.

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6
Q

What is the angle of inclination?

A

Angle between axis through femoral head/neck and longitudinal axis of the femoral shaft.

Typically 125 degrees

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7
Q

What does coxa valga indicate?

A

A pathological increase in angle of inclination.

> 125 degrees

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8
Q

What does coxa vara indicate?

A

A pathological decrease in angle of inclination.

<125 degrees

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9
Q

What is the purpose of the angle of inclination?

A

Serves to optimize joint surface alignment.

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10
Q

What can cause a slipped capital femoral epiphysis in adolescents?

A

A decrease in femoral neck shaft angle along with a high body mass index.

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11
Q

What is the angle of torsion?

A

Angle between axis through femoral head/neck and the distal femoral condyles.

Normal = 8 - 20 degrees

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12
Q

What allows for optimal alignment and joint congruency?

A

15 degrees of anteversion.

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13
Q

Describe what is seen with excessive anteversion.

A

Increased angle of torsion.

  • Reduces hip joint stability
  • Associated with increased hip IR and decreased ER
  • Commonly found with coxa valga
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14
Q

Describe what is seen with retroversion.

A

Decreased angle of torsion.

  • Associated with increased hip ER and decreased IR
  • May cause impingement
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15
Q

What may be associated with “in-toeing” gait in children?

A

Excessive anteversion

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16
Q

What does the “in-toeing” aim to do?

A

Improve joint congruency.

But overtime may cause shortening of muscles and ligaments crossing hip and reduce ER.

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17
Q

What is the positioning of the acetabulum?

A

Opening positioned laterally with inferior and anterior tilt.

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18
Q

What determines the coverage of the femoral head?

A

The depth of acetabulum.

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19
Q

What is acetabular dysplasia?

A

Abnormality where acetabulum is shallow.

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20
Q

What is coxa profunda?

A

Abnormality of acetabular over-coverage. Excessively covers femoral head.

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21
Q

What can excessive retroversion lead to?

A

over-coverage/impingement

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22
Q

What can excessive anteversion lead to?

A

Instability

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23
Q

Describe a Cam deformity.

A

When extra bone is present at anterior-superior region of femoral head and neck junction.
- As result there is loss of natural tapering of femoral head.

24
Q

What causes impingement in a Cam deformity?

A

Bulge of femoral head hits against the acetabulum.

*IR with FL maximizes impingement.

25
Q

Describe a Pincer deformity.

A

Abnormal bony extension of anterior-lateral rim of acetabulum.
- Often associated with deep acetabulum or overly retroverted acetabulum.

*FL and IR causes premature abutment of femur against acetabulum.

26
Q

What is the position for maximal congruency in non-weight bearing?

A

FL, ABduction, and slight ER

*This position is utilized in diagnosis of hip dysplasia to improve joint congruency.

27
Q

Describe the bending moment of hip in regards to structural adaptation to weight bearing.

A

Half the weight of head, arms, and trunk passes down through pelvis and ground reaction force travels up the shaft.

Creates:

  • superiorly: tensile forces
  • inferiorly: compressive force
28
Q

What does the trabecular systems provide?

A

Structural resistance.

  • Strongest where they cross at right angles
  • Zone of weakness is where they are thin and do not cross
29
Q

Describe the hip joint capsule.

A

Is a substantial contributor to hip joint stability.

Composed of irregular, dense fibrous longitudinal and oblique fibers.

30
Q

Where is the capsule thickest and thinest?

A

Thickest anterosuperiorly

Thin and loose posteroinferiorly

31
Q

Describe the function iliofemoral ligament (y-ligament).

A

Provides anterior stability to joint and controls IR and ER.

32
Q

Describe the function of the pubofemoral ligament.

A

Controls ER in extension.

33
Q

Describe the function of the ishiofemoral ligament.

A

Primary restraint to IR.

34
Q

What happens to all the ligaments with hyperextension?

A

All of them tighten.

35
Q

Describe the transverse acetabular ligament.

A

Protects the blood vessels that travel beneath it to get to the head of the femur.

36
Q

Describe the acetabular labrum.

A

Wedge shaped and deepens concavity.

- Acts as a seal to maintain negative intra-articular pressure.

37
Q

Describe the ligamentum teres.

A

Traditionally believed to serve only as a conduit for blood supply to the femoral head.
- Excessive ER can strain/potentially tear

38
Q

What are the osteokinematics of the hip?

A

Flexion/extension
AB/ADduction
ER/IR

39
Q

What are the arthrokinematics of the hip during flexion?

A

Anterior roll and posterior glide

40
Q

What are the arthrokinematics of the hip during extension?

A

Posterior roll and anterior glide

41
Q

What are the arthrokinematics of the hip during abduction?

A

Superior roll and inferior glide

42
Q

What are the arthrokinematics of the hip during adduction?

A

Inferior roll and superior glide

43
Q

What are the arthrokinematics of the hip during IR?

A

Anterior roll and posterior glide

44
Q

What are the arthrokinematics of the hip during ER?

A

Posterior roll and anterior glide

45
Q

When weight bearing, where does the motion of the hip occur?

A

The femur is relatively fixed –> motion occurs by movement of pelvis on femur.

46
Q

What are the osteokinematics of the pelvis moving on the femur?

A

Anterior/Posterior pelvic tilt
Lateral tilt
Forward/Backward rotation

47
Q

What does an anterior and posterior tilt of the pelvis produce at the hip?

A

Anterior tiliting = produces hip FL

Posterior tiliting = produces hip EX

48
Q

Describe the arthrokinematics (CKC) of an anterior and posterior pelvic tilt.

A

Anterior tilt = anterior roll, anterior glide

Posterior tilt = posterior roll, posterior glide

49
Q

Describe the arthrokinematics (CKC) for lateral pelvic tilt.

A

Abduction = superior roll, superior glide

Adduction = inferior roll, inferior glide

50
Q

Describe forward rotation of pelvis in CKC.

A

Side of pelvis opposite to stance leg moves anteriorly –> results in IR of the stance hip joint

51
Q

Describe backward rotation of the pelvis in CKC.

A

Side of pelvis opposite to stance leg moves posteriorly –> produces ER of the stance hip joint

52
Q

Describe the arthrokinematics (CKC) of IR and ER.

A

IR = anterior roll and anterior glide

ER = posterior roll and posterior glide

53
Q

What is the closed pack position of the hip?

A

Full extension with slight IR and abduction

54
Q

What is the open pack position of the hip?

A

Moderate flexion, slight abduction, neutral rotation

55
Q

What is the capsular pattern of the hip?

A

IR = flexion = abduction

Kinesiology (10 decks)

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