The Highlights Flashcards
What are the three types of rhetoric?
Deliberative (Political), Forensic (Judicial), and Ceremonial (Epideictic)
What are the components of deliberative (political) rhetoric?
Audience: the assembly Time: future Ends: to do or not to do something Considerations: expediency, advantageous, utility Emphasizes: ethos Speaker must understand arête (virtue)
Forensic (Judicial) essential components:
Audience: juror Time: past End: to accuse or defend Considerations: justice or injustice Emphasizes: logos Speaker must understand syllogisms
Ceremonial (epideictic) essential components:
Audience: observer, critic Time: present Ends: to praise or to blame Considerations: honor/dishonor Emphasizes: pathos
What are Cicero’s 5 canons of rhetoric?
Invention, arrangement, style, memory, and delivery…
What does Cicero mean by “invention” ?
Invention is one of the 5 canons
It referrers to “what” is being said.
What is the order of arrangement according to Cicero?
- Introduction
- Statement of Fact
- Division
- Proof
- Refutation
- Conclusion
Define style. What are the three types?
Style is the artful expression of ideas. Refers to “how” something is said, such as clarity and precision. There are three types of style:
- Grand (very ornate)
- Middle (higher than ordinary, lower than grand)
- Plain (ordinary, conversational)
Memory according to Cicero
Mnemonic devices help people remember speeches.
Delivery according to Cicero
The manner in which you outwardly express your speech
There are two types of proofs (pisteis) according to Aristotle. What are they?
Inartistic and Artistic Proofs.
What are Inartistic proofs?
Proofs that are not invented by the speaker, such as laws, witnesses (testimony), contracts, tortures, and oaths.
What are artistic proofs?
Artistic proofs are invented by the speaker and her speech. They are ethos, pathos, and logos.
Define ethos
appeal to character, including arête, good will (eunoia), and wisdom (phronesis).
Define pathos
appeals to emotion
Define logos
appeal to reason. There is inductive and deductive. Inductive is an example or an enthymeme, while deductive is a syllogism.
Define the faulty generalization fallacy
When an inductive generalization is formed on insufficient evidence
Define the “post hoc, ergo propter hoc” fallacy
When if Y is after X, one assumes that X caused Y
Define begging the question fallacy
When an arguments premise assumes the conclusion
Define the complex question fallacy
Where a question assumes another question. “Do you still beat your wife?”
Define the “ad populum” fallacy
“if many believe so, it is so”
Define “Koina”
Subjects for argument common to all three species of rhetoric: the possible and the impossible, past and future fact, and degree of magnitude.
Define “topoi”
topics; mental “place” where an argument can be found or the argument itself; commonplaces of argument - applicable to all three species of rhetoric - 28 such topoi are described in Aristotle’s rhetoric
Define “Idia”
Special topics which are specific to each species of rhetoric. For Deliberative, the good and advantageous; for forensic, justice and injustice; and for Ceremonial, the noble and ignoble.
What are the four types of Stasis?
Stasis of Conjecture, Stasis of Definition, Stasis of Quality (are there extenuating circumstances), Stasis of Place (Is this the appropriate forum to discuss)
