The High Medieval Period

Question 1

Feudal Revolution- when?

Answer 1

Around the year 1000

Question 2

What characterised the Feudal revolution?

Answer 2

Breakdown of the Carolingian Empire
Therefore breakdown of law and order
New regime of lordship

Question 3

Public justice replaced by…

Answer 3

Violence

Question 4

Feudal order ranks

Answer 4

Those who work
Those who pay
Those who fight

Question 5

What do historians believe this Feudal era was characterised by?

Answer 5

Violence perpetrated by the knightly class

Question 6

Public order before 1000

Answer 6

Public order exisited
Disputes brought to king- strong concept of law

Question 7

Violence before 1000

Answer 7

Institutionalised, to maintain public order

Question 8

Violence post 1000

Answer 8

‘Private violence’, to subjugate peasants

Question 9

Examples of post 1000 violence and subjugation

Answer 9

Castle building
Extortions, ransoms, intimidation

Question 10

Bisson on post 1000 violence

Answer 10

‘addicted to violence’

Question 11

Who speaks on post 1000 violence?

Answer 11

Bisson

Question 12

Why did Urban want to crusade initially?

Answer 12

To reunite Europe

Question 13

Where did the crusaders shift their focus?

Answer 13

Jerusalem

Question 14

What triggered the Third Crusade?

Answer 14

The emergence of Egypt as a new Islamic power

Question 15

What did Saladin do which triggered Third Crusade?

Answer 15

Sought to take Damascus and eventually Jerusalem

Question 16

How can the Third Crusade be seen as NOT a failure?

Answer 16

Radically changed crusading forever by making Egypt a target

Question 17

Knights trained ages…

Answer 17

12-15

Question 18

Diet of knight

Answer 18

High protein- meat and fish

Question 19

David Crouch’s characteristics of a knight

Answer 19

Loyalty
Forbearance
Hardihood
Largesse/liberality (generous- reputation)
The Davidic ethic
Honour

Question 20

The Davidic Ethic

Answer 20

Moral leadership- defence of weak, esp Church

Question 21

Gregorian reform

Answer 21

The power of the papacy

Question 22

Who published a codification of papal power?

Answer 22

Gregory VII

Question 23

What did Gregory VII publish?

Answer 23

Codification of papal power

Question 24

What did codification do?

Answer 24

Essentially increased power of papacy

Question 25

How did the codification increase papal power?

Answer 25

A sentence passed by the pope may be retracted by no one No one may condemn anyone who appeals to the pope for justice Pope can depose emperors

Question 26

What were these church reforms referred to as?

Answer 26

Gregorian reform

Question 27

Which pope continued reforms?

Answer 27

Innocent III

Question 28

What reforms did Innocent initiate?

Answer 28

Pastoral care- every Christian treated as an individual Clarified doctrine of transubstantiation Planned crusading return to Egypt

Question 29

Battle of Hattin

Answer 29

1187 Saladin's forces crushed crusaders

Question 30

Who spoke on the characteristics of a knight?

Answer 30

David Crouch

Question 31

Example of a Magna Carta clause

Answer 31

Protection against unlawful imprisonment Restrictions on taxation from the crown

Question 32

Economic motivations for the Crusades

Answer 32

Ability to control trade routes, as well as access wealth and resources

Question 33

Political motivations for the Crusades

Answer 33

Papacy wanted to establish and consolidate its authority

Question 34

Religious motivations for the Crusades

Answer 34

11thC Western Europe saw a surge in piety Opportunity for remission of sin and salvation

Question 35

Preudomme

Answer 35

Model of noble conduct Emerged at the end of the 11th century, before knighthood redefined

Question 36

Historians argue that fascist ideologies arose...

Answer 36

Out of war- justified militarism and nationalism

Question 37

Militarism and fascism

Answer 37

No easy transition to peace made it harder for peace to be restored Feminisation of home front threatened soldiers Social upheaval- radicalisation Masculinity

Question 38

Nationalism and fascism

Answer 38

Justified nationalism during war time, eg stormtroopers beating up outsiders Treaty of V justified anger Italy- Treaty of Rapallo Britain and Czechoslovakia remained strong

Question 39

What did Italy lose out on in the Treaty of Rapallo?

Answer 39

Fiumo