THE HEMOFLAGELLATES Quick Questions

Question 1

This is the only hemoflagellate morphologic form that does not have an external flagellum.

A. Trypomastigote
B. Amastigote
C. Promastigote
D. Epimastigote

Answer 1

B. Amastigote

Question 2

Hemoflagellates are typically found in stool samples.

A. True
B. False

Answer 2

B. False

Question 3

The symptoms of hemoflagellate infections range from minor, such as irritation at the infection site, to serious (comatose state and death).

A. True
B. False

Answer 3

A. True

Question 4

Of the following laboratory diagnostic methods, which is the most commonly used for the recovery of members of the L. braziliensis complex?

A. Schizodeme analysis
B. Culture of infected material
C. Identifying amastigotes in infected material
D. Zymodeme analysis

Answer 4

C. Identifying amastigotes in infected material

Question 5

The organism causing chiclero ulcer is most likely found in:

A. Texas
B. South American rainforest region
C. Nova Scotia
D. Egypt

Answer 5

B. South American rainforest region

Question 6

Which of the following is not an acceptable treatment for mucocutaneous leishmaniasis caused by L. braziliensis?

A. Amoxicillin
B. Pentosam
C. Ambisome
D. Fungizone

Answer 6

A. Amoxicillin

Question 7

A common name for disease caused by L. donovani is:

A. Visceral leishmaniasis
B. Kala-azar
C. Dum dum fever
D. All of the above

Answer 7

D. All of the above

Question 8

The vector responsible for the transmission of L. donovani is:

A. Lutzomyia sandfly
B. Phlebotomus sandfly
C. Psychodopygus sandfly
D. None of the above

Answer 8

A. Lutzomyia sandfly
B. Phlebotomus sandfly

Question 9

Which of the following items does not describe kala- azar?

A. Commonly found in Iraq
B. Transmitted by the Phlebotomus and Lutzomyia sandfly species
C. Is not transmitted by blood transfusion
D. Can be serologically determined by ELISA, IFA, and DAT methods

Answer 9

C. Is not transmitted by blood transfusion

Question 10

The specimen of choice for the recovery of L. mexicana complex members is:

A. CSF
B. Stool
C. Lesion biopsy material
D. Duodenal contents

Answer 10

C. Lesion biopsy material

Question 11

Which of the following is not a reservoir host for L. mexicana complex?

A. Squirrels
B. Chipmunks
C. Rats
D. Snakes

Answer 11

D. Snakes

Question 12

Which of the following best describe disease caused by the L. mexicana complex?

A. Can disseminate into a diffuse cutaneous form
B. Appears around the ears in approximately 40% of patients
C. Both A and B are correct.
D. None of the above

Answer 12

C. Both A and B are correct.

Question 13

All the following are geographic regions in which the members of the L. tropica complex can be found except:

A. Brazil
B. Uzbekistan
C. Iran
D. Syria

Answer 13

A. Brazil

Question 14

The specimen of choice for the recovery of L. tropica complex members is:

A. CSF
B. Fluid underneath the ulcer bed
C. Blood
D. Tissue biopsy

Answer 14

B. Fluid underneath the ulcer bed

Question 15

The most common morphologic form seen in samples positive for L. tropica complex members is:

A. Trypomastigote
B. Promastigote
C. Epimastigote
D. Amastigote

Answer 15

D. Amastigote

Question 16

Of the following, which tests are considered diagnos- tic for trypanosomiasis?

A. Giemsa-stained blood slides revealing the trypomastigote
B. Giemsa-stained blood slides revealing the amastigote
C. Increased serum and CSF IgM levels
D. Both A and C are correct.
E. All of the above

Answer 16

D. Both A and C are correct.

Question 17

There are no known animal reservoir hosts for T.b. gambiense.

A. True
B. False

Answer 17

A. True

Question 18

The enlargement of cervical lymph nodes in reference to trypanosomal disease caused by T.b. gambiense is referred to as:

A. Chancre
B. Kerandel’s sign
C. Winterbottom’s sign
D. Somnolence

Answer 18

C. Winterbottom’s sign

Question 19

The diagnostic stage of T.b. rhodesiense is the:

A. Trypomastigote
B. Epimastigote
C. Promastigote
D. Amastigote

Answer 19

A. Trypomastigote

Question 20

Which of the following trypanosomal parasites that causes sleeping sicknesses is the more aggressive form?

A. Trypanosoma brucei gambiense
B. Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense
C. Trypanosoma cruzi
D. Trypanosoma rangeli

Answer 20

B. Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense

Question 21

What complicates the prevention and control efforts for T.b. rhodesiense?

A. Vast species of reservoir hosts
B. Breeding occurs wherever brush is abundant
C. Both A and B
D. None of the above

Answer 21

D. None of the above

Question 22

The specimen of choice for the detection of T. cruzi is:

A. Stool
B. Blood
C. Tissue
D. Ulcer

Answer 22

B. Blood

Question 23

Which of the following is the vector first identified as responsible for transmitting T. cruzi?

A. Phlebotomus spp.
B. Lutzomyia spp.
C. Panstrongylus megistus
D. Glossina spp.

Answer 23

C. Panstrongylus megistus

Question 24

Which of the following is not a characteristic finding in Chagas’ disease?

A. Romaña’s sign
B. Megacolon
C. Cardiomegaly
D. Somnolence

Answer 24

D. Somnolence

Question 25

The diagnostic testing methods for T. rangeli are the same as those for identifying and confirming and infection with T. cruzi. A. True B. False

Answer 25

A. True

Question 26

The phrase that best describes the infection associ- ated with T. rangeli is that it: A. Mimics that of individuals infected with T. cruzi B. Causes South American sleeping sickness C. Is considered a benign infection D. Produces Winterbottom’s sign

Answer 26

C. Is considered a benign infection

Question 27

Which of the following is not a prevention and control measure for T. rangeli? (Objective 5-7) A. Use of DDT to control reduviid bug populations B. Better housing construction C. Removing overgrown vegetation D. Educational programs in endemic areas

Answer 27

C. Removing overgrown vegetation

Question 28

The diagnostic stage for Trypanosoma spp. is the: A. Amastigote B. Epimastigote C. Trypomastigote D. Promastigote

Answer 28

C. Trypomastigote

Question 29

American trypanosomiasis is commonly referred to as: A. Cruzon’s syndrome B. Chiclero ulcer C. Bay sore D. Chagas’ disease

Answer 29

D. Chagas’ disease

Question 30

Which of the following organisms is the causative agent of Baghdad boils? A. Leishmania donovani B. Trypanosoma brucei gambiense C. Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense D. Trypanosoma cruzi E. Leishmania tropica

Answer 30

E. Leishmania tropica

Question 31

Which of the following organisms is the causative agent of West African sleeping sickness? A. Leishmania donovani B. Trypanosoma brucei gambiense C. Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense D. Trypanosoma cruzi E. Leishmania tropica

Answer 31

B. Trypanosoma brucei gambiense

Question 32

Which of the following best describes the geographic region in which Trypanosoma rangeli is found? A. Near East B. South and Central America C. Middle East D. Southeastern United States

Answer 32

B. South and Central America

Question 33

The vector responsible for the transmission of chiclero ulcer is: A. Lutzomyia and Psychodopygus sandflies B. Phlebotomus and Psychodopygus sandflies C. Glossina spp. D. Lutzomyia and Phlebotomus sandflies

Answer 33

A. Lutzomyia and Psychodopygus sandflies

Question 34

Choose the best description of zymodeme analysis: A. Nuclear DNA hybridization B. Restriction analysis of the kinetoplast DNA C. Analysis of the isoenzyme patterns of an organism D. None of the above

Answer 34

C. Analysis of the isoenzyme patterns of an organism

Question 35

Winterbottom’s sign is associated with which of the following hemoflagellates? A. Leishmania donovani B. Trypanosoma brucei gambiense C. Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense D. Trypanosoma cruzi E. Leishmania tropica

Answer 35

B. Trypanosoma brucei gambiense

Question 36

The reduviid bug is the vector for trans- mitting which of the following parasites? A. Leishmania donovani B. Trypanosoma brucei gambiense C. Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense D. Trypanosoma cruzi E. Leishmania tropica

Answer 36

D. Trypanosoma cruzi

Question 37

Which of the following organisms causes the less aggressive form of sleeping sick- ness? A. Trypanosoma brucei gambiense B. Trypanosoma cruzi C. Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense D. Trypanosoma rangeli

Answer 37

A. Trypanosoma brucei gambiense