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Anatomy and Physiology 2 > The heart system > Flashcards

The heart system Flashcards

1
Q

What is the region containing the heart?

A

Mediastinum. Located between lungs, sternum & thoracic

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2
Q

What are the Membranes surrounding the heart?

A

Pericardium:

Fibrous pericardium- outer connective tissue sheath.

Parietal layer- outer serous membrane is attached to fibrous pericardium.

between 2 layers is pericardial cavity with serous fluid.

Visceral Layer- inner serous membrane is attached to heart wall.

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3
Q

What are the 3 layers of the heart wall?

A

Epicardium- outermost Made of epithelial & connective
tissue

Myocardium- middle, thickest
* Made of cardiac muscle

Endocardium- innermost
* Made of endothelium (simple
squamous epithelium) &
connective tissue

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4
Q

What carries blood from cardiac veins to R Atrium?

A

Coronary sinus.

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5
Q

Returns blood to heart

A

Veins

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6
Q

Carries blood away from the heart

A

Arteries

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7
Q

the flow of blood between heart & lungs

A

Pulmonary circuit

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8
Q

The flow of blood between heart & body

A

Systemic circuit

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9
Q

What provides blood for myocardium?

A

Coronary arteries

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10
Q

Branches into the Ant. Interventricular branch

A

L coronary artery

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11
Q

Branches into posterior interventricular branch

A

R coronary artery

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12
Q

Returns blood from the myocardium

A

Coronary veins

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13
Q

Where is the great cardiac vein?

A

In interventricular sulcus

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14
Q

Where is the small cardiac vein ?

A

In coronary sulcus

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15
Q

Separates L&R atria

A

Interatrial septum

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16
Q

Separates L&R ventricles

A

Interventricular Septum

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17
Q

What are on the walls of atria?

A

Pectinate muscles

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18
Q

What are on the walls of ventricles ?

A

Papillary Muscles

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19
Q

What prevents return of blood to atria?

A

Atrioventricular Valves.

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20
Q

What is a complete sequence of contraction & relaxation?

A

Cardiac cycle

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21
Q

The contraction phase is called

A

systole

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22
Q

The relaxation phase is called

A

diastole

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23
Q

Maximum pressure in arteries during ventricular contraction and pushes blood out into the blood

A

Systolic Blood pressure

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24
Q

pressure in arteries when ventricles are in filling stage

A

Diastolic blood pressure

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25
Q

Normal blood pressure is

26
Q

blood normally travels in

A

laminar flow

27
Q

as cuff inflates above SBP, blood flow is

28
Q

as pressure in cuff drops between SPB &DBP, blood pushed through compressed walls of arteries in

A

turbulent flow

29
Q

vibrations in artery, heard via stethoscope

A

sounds of korotkoff

30
Q

first sounds in stethoscope

A

Systolic blood pressure

31
Q

when sounds cease

A

diastolic blood pressure

32
Q

volume of blood pumped per min

A

cardiac output

33
Q

resistance to blood flowing through arterioles

A

peripheral resistance

34
Q

high blood pressure 140/90

A

hypertension

35
Q

short duration- exercise, caffeine, nicotine

36
Q

long duration, health concern. can harm arteries.

37
Q

low blood pressure, may lead to fainting/dizziness

A

hypotension

38
Q

blood pressure is influences by

A

gravity
Pressure in arteries of head & neck- lower
* Pressure in arteries of legs- higher

39
Q

blood pressure is influenced by body

A

position. increases when standing: decreases when laying down

40
Q

blood pressure is influenced by

A

exercise. increases with exercise:decreases with rest

41
Q

MAP

A

Mean, Arterial pressure.
an average blood pressure
should fall between 70-110 mmHg

42
Q

Blood flow in a vessel increases with increasing

43
Q

Blood flow in a vessel decreases with increasing

A

resistance.

44
Q

Flow =

A

pressure/ resistance

45
Q

Valves are flaps of tissues in

A

veins that prevent backflow of blood.

46
Q

Damage to veins affects

A

Circulation in legs

47
Q

walls of veins weaken with

48
Q

establish rate of cardiac contraction

A

Nodal cells

49
Q

connect nodes & distribute contractile stimulus through myocardium

A

Conducting cells

50
Q

initiates electrical impulses in the heart

A

Sinoatrial node SA. located in sup R atrium. ‘
Generate a change in electrical voltage across cell membranes

51
Q

conduction travels across atria, causing muscular contraction

A

reaches atrioventricular node.

52
Q

slight delay allows completion of atrial contraction

53
Q

electrical impulse travels to

A

bundle of his (AV bundle) —- right & left bundle branches– purkinjie fibers

54
Q

stimulate cardiac muscle cells of ventricles to contract

A

purkinjie fibers

55
Q

by placing electrode plates on the skin, electrical activity of the heart can be monitored

56
Q

AN electrocardiograph can record electrical activity and measures changes in voltage.

57
Q

small bump or deflection wave
represent atrial depolarization

58
Q

Represents ventricular depolarization

A

QRS COMPLEX

59
Q

REPRESENTS VENTRICULAR REPOLARIZATION

60
Q

time between atrial depolarization & beginning of ventricular depolarization

A

PR interval

61
Q

ST elevation may indicate one type of

A

heart attack

Anatomy and Physiology 2 (2 decks)

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