the heart study practice

Question 1

What is the base of the heart?

Answer 1

The top part of the heart where major vessels attach

The base is opposite the apex and is where the aorta and vena cavae are located.

Question 2

What is the apex of the heart?

Answer 2

The pointed end of the heart

The apex points downward and to the left.

Question 3

List the major vessels associated with the heart.

Answer 3

• Superior vena cava
• Inferior vena cava
• Pulmonary trunk
• Right pulmonary arteries
• Left pulmonary arteries
• Right pulmonary veins
• Left pulmonary veins
• Aorta

These vessels are crucial for blood circulation to and from the heart.

Question 4

Identify the chambers of the heart.

Answer 4

• Right atrium
• Left atrium
• Right ventricle
• Left ventricle

Each chamber plays a specific role in the circulation of blood.

Question 5

What is the interventricular septum?

Answer 5

The wall separating the right and left ventricles

It is crucial for maintaining the separation of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood.

Question 6

List the valves of the heart.

Answer 6

• Left atrioventricular (mitral) valve
• Right atrioventricular (tricuspid) valve
• Aortic semilunar valve
• Pulmonary semilunar valve

These valves ensure unidirectional blood flow through the heart.

Question 7

What is the function of the Sinoatrial (SA) node?

Answer 7

It acts as the natural pacemaker of the heart

The SA node initiates the electrical impulses that regulate heartbeats.

Question 8

Identify the elements of the cardiac conduction system.

Answer 8

• Sinoatrial (SA) node
• Internodal pathways
• Interatrial bundle
• Atrioventricular (AV) node
• AV bundle
• Left bundle branch
• Right bundle branch
• Purkinje fibers

This system coordinates the heart’s contractions.

Question 9

Fill in the blank: The _______ is responsible for transmitting impulses from the AV node to the ventricles.

Answer 9

AV bundle

The AV bundle splits into left and right bundle branches.

Question 10

True or False: The right bundle branch carries impulses to the left ventricle.

Answer 10

False

The right bundle branch carries impulses to the right ventricle.

Question 11

What are Purkinje fibers?

Answer 11

Fibers that distribute electrical impulses throughout the ventricles

They ensure that the ventricles contract in a coordinated manner.