The Heart & Heart Disease (A&P book)

Question 1

The right side of the heart pumps blood through the ____________ circuit.

Answer 1

pulmonary

Question 2

The ____________ side of the heart pumps blood over longer distances than the other side.

Answer 2

left

Question 3

The lower chambers of the heart are called the _________________.

Answer 3

ventricles

Question 4

The right atrioventricular valve is also known as the _____________ valve.

Answer 4

tricuspid

Question 5

The aortic and pulmonary valves are collectively known as the ___________ valves.

Answer 5

semilunar

Question 6

The ventricles contract during the cardiac cycle phase called ____________.

Answer 6

systole

Question 7

The product of the stroke volume and the heart rate is called the ____________.

Answer 7

cardiac output

Question 8

The heart rate is usually set by a collection of conducting cells called the ___________.

Answer 8

sinoatrial node

Question 9

The heart sound that occurs at the beginning of ventricular systole is usually described by the syllable _________.

Answer 9

lub

Question 10

Inflammation of the serous membrane surrounding the heart results in _____________.

Answer 10

pericarditis

Question 11

Until middle age, the gender most likely to develop heart disease is _______________.

Answer 11

male

Question 12

A heart murmur would most simply be detected by an instrument called a(n) ________________.

Answer 12

stethoscope

Question 13

Electrical changes in the heart are detected by an instrument called a(n) ___________________.

Answer 13

electrocardiograph

Question 14

A plant-derived substance that slows and strengthens heart muscle contractions is ________________.

Answer 14

digitalis

Question 15

A small tube inserted into a coronary artery to prevent repeated blockage is called a(n) _______________.

Answer 15

stent

Question 16

Endocarditis is
A) inflammation of the epithelial lining of the heart
B) inflammation of a serous membrane
C) a form of heart disease that follows rheumatic fever
D) a congenital heart defect

Answer 16

A) inflammation of the epithelial lining of the heart

Question 17

The part of the heart capable of generating the largest force is the
A)	right atrium
B)	left atrium
C)	right ventricle
D)	left ventricle

Answer 17

D) left ventricle

Question 18

The heart chamber that receives blood from the lungs is the
A)	right atrium
B)	left atrium
C)	right ventricle
D)	left ventricle

Answer 18

B) left atrium

Question 19

The left ventricle receives blood from the
A)	pulmonary veins
B)	left atrium
C)	right ventricle
D)	pulmonary artery

Answer 19

B) left atrium

Question 20

The valve preventing blood from re-entering the left ventricle is the
A)	mitral valve
B)	tricuspid valve
C)	pulmonary valve
D)	aortic valve

Answer 20

D) aortic valve

Question 21

The semilunar valves are the
A)	mitral and bicuspid
B)	aortic and mitral
C)	pulmonary and bicuspid
D)	aortic and pulmonary

Answer 21

D) aortic and pulmonary

Question 22

The coronary sinus
A)	supplies blood to the heart
B)	supplies blood to the head
C)	drains into the superior vena cava
D)	collects blood from the myocardium

Answer 22

D) collects blood from the myocardium

Question 23

The first vessels that branch off the aorta are the
A)	pulmonary arteries
B)	coronary arteries
C)	carotid artery
D)	subclavian artery

Answer 23

B) coronary arteries

Question 24

The volume of blood ejected from each ventricle with each contraction is called the
A)	cardiac output
B)	heart rate
C)	stroke volume
D)	cardiac cycle

Answer 24

C) stroke volume

Question 25

The order in which impulses travel through the heart is
A) bundle of His, Purkinje fibers, sinoatrial node, AV node
B) Purkinje fibers, bundle of His, AV node, sinoatrial node
C) sinoatrial node, atrioventricular node, bundle of His, Purkinje fibers
D) atrioventricular node, bundle of His, sinoatrial node, Purkinje fibers

Answer 25

C) sinoatrial node, atrioventricular node, bundle of His, Purkinje fibers

Question 26

The normal pacemaker of the heart is the
A)	bundle of His
B)	Purkinje fibers
C)	atrioventricular node
D)	sinoatrial node

Answer 26

D) sinoatrial node

Question 27

The second heart sound, often interpreted as a “dup,” is largely caused by the
A) opening of the atrioventricular valves
B) closing of the atrioventricular valves
C) opening of the semilunar valves
D) closing of the semilunar valves

Answer 27

D) closing of the semilunar valves

Question 28

An area of tissue damaged by a heart attack is called a(n)
A)	thrombosis
B)	occlusion
C)	infarct
D)	plaque

Answer 28

C) infarct

Question 29

Which of the following pieces of equipment uses x-rays to visualize structures?
A)	echocardiograph
B)	electrocardiograph
C)	fluoroscope
D)	stethoscope

Answer 29

C) fluoroscope

Question 30

Angioplasty is used to
A)	open restricted arteries
B)	restore a normal heart rhythm
C)	slow down the heart
D)	study the structure of the heart

Answer 30

A) open restricted arteries

Question 31

Beta-adrenergic blocking agents are used to
A) increase heart rate and stroke volume
B) correct cardiac arrhythmias
C) dissolve blood clots
D) reduce the rate and strength of cardiac contractions

Answer 31

D) reduce the rate and strength of cardiac contractions

Question 32

Explain why the heart is described as a double pump.

Answer 32

The heart has two sides that pump together to send blood through two different systems. The right side pumps blood through the pulmonary circuit to the lungs to be oxygenated. The left side pumps oxygenated blood out through the aorta to all remaining body tissues.

Question 33

Mr. L suffered a myocardial infarction that incapacitated his sinoatrial node. His atrioventricular node is now acting as the pacemaker. How will his heartbeat differ from normal? What is the eventual treatment for his condition?

Answer 33

His heartbeat will be slower than normal, and the atria will not contract normally. Mr. L should be treated by implanting an artificial pacemaker in his chest.

Question 34

What is the difference between a myocardial infarction and angina pectoris? Use the following terms (or derivatives) in your answer: infarct, ischemia, thrombus, and occlusion.

Answer 34

A myocardial infarction, or heart attack, results from a clot (thrombus) that creates a blockage (occlusion) in a coronary artery. The occlusion results in insufficient blood supply (ischemia) to the region of heart muscle normally supplied by the artery, so this region (the infarct) is damaged. There is also ischemia in angina pectoris, but the ischemia reflects coronary artery disease rather than a clot. In addition, although angina pectoris may be a warning sign of a serious condition, it is not immediately life threatening.