The Heart and Lungs Flashcards
1
Q
The heart is found within which cavity
A
Pericardial
2
Q
How many ribs are there
A
12
3
Q
Which bones articulate with the manubrium at its superolateral angles?
A
Clavicles
4
Q
What is the name given to the median notch formed by the superior border of the manubrium?
A
Jugular Notch
5
Q
At what vertebral level is the xiphoid process located?
A
T10
6
Q
At what vertebral level is the sternomanubrial joint found?
A
t4/5
7
Q
• Facets for 2nd costal cartilage. With which parts of the sternum do these articulate?
A
Costal notches
8
Q
A typical rib articulates with two vertebral bodies. These are
A
Vertebral body of same number as rib and the vertebral body immediately above
9
Q
Which layer should chest drain not go through
A
Visceral Pleura
10
Q
Trachea is the inferior continuation of larynx where
A
C6
11
Q
The nerve lying immediately lateral to the trachea on both sides is the
A
Vagus Nerve
12
Q
Left lung features
A
Cardiac Impression
Aortic Impression
Cardiac Notch
Lingula
13
Q
which lung has eparterial bronchus
A
right lung
14
Q
Which layer of the pleura enters and lines the fissures of the lungs?
A
Visceral
15
Q
Which layer of the pleura is sensitive to pain?
A
Parietal
16
Q
With the aid of the diagrams above and an articulated skeleton map out the number of the rib at which the inferior border of a) the lung, and b) the parietal pleura, is located -
In the midclavicular line:
A
Lung rib 6 parietal rib 8
17
Q
With the aid of the diagrams above and an articulated skeleton map out the number of the rib at which the inferior border of a) the lung, and b) the parietal pleura, is located -
In midaxillary line
A
lung rib 8 parietal rib 10
18
Q
With the aid of the diagrams above and an articulated skeleton map out the number of the rib at which the inferior border of a) the lung, and b) the parietal pleura, is located -
In mid scapular line
A
lung rib 10 parietal rib 12
19
Q
How many intercostal spaces difference is there between the inferior border of the lung and parietal pleura
A
2
20
Q
- What organ occupies the notch seen in the anterior border of the left lung between ribs 4-6?
A
Heart
21
Q
The oblique fissure follows the course of which rib
A
6
22
Q
The horizontal fissure lies at the level of which rib
A
4th
23
Q
Diaphragm is what type of muscle
A
Skeletal
24
Q
How many attachments does diaphragm have
A
4
25
What cardiac structure is firmly attached the central tendon?
Fibrous Pericardium
26
To which vertebrae are the left and right crura attached
L2 and 3
27
Which membrane covers the superior surface of the diaphragm?
Pleura
28
When the diaphragm contracts, do the domes ascend or descend?
Descend
29
To which tendon is the diaphragm attached?
Central Tendon
30
To which costal cartilages is the diaphragm attached?
6-11
31
To which part of the sternum is the diaphragm attached?
Posterior Aspect
32
To which vertebrae is the diaphragm attached?
L2-3
33
On the wet specimen provided identify the three layers of the pericardium from superficial to deep:
Superficial: fibrous pericardium Intermediate: parietal of serous pericardium Deep: epicardium pericardium
34
Which layer belongs simultaneously to the heart wall and the serous pericardium?
Epicardium
35
Which layer of the serous pericardium is inseparably attached to the inner aspect of the fibrous pericardium?
Parietal Layer
36
The visceral pericardium receives autonomic innervation from
T1-4
37
The parietal and fibrous layers of heart are innervated
Phrenic Nerve
38
Which layer/s of the pericardium are innervated by pain fibres?
Fibrous pericardium and parietal layer of visceral pericardium
39
Cardiac Veins drain to
coronary sinus then right atrium
40
Beginning and termination of the aortic arch occurs at vertebral level
T4
41
Bifurcation of the abdominal aorta
L4
42
Bifurcation of the common iliac arteries
L5
43
External iliac arteries – arise at vertebral level L6/S1 and become
Femoral Arteries
44
The IVC drains blood from
Abdo and Pelvis and Lower Limbs
45
The Internal thoracic (mammary) vein drains the anterior intercostal veins to
Brachiocephalic Veins
46
Into which vein does the azygos vein drain?
SVC
47
Which chest wall veins are drained by the azygos and hemiazygos venous systems?
Intercostal and Subcostal
48
In which area of the upper limb does the brachial artery branch into radial and ulnar aa.?
Cubital Fossa and Lateral Border of 3rd Rib
49
Thefemoralarteryadistalcontinuationofwhichartery?
external iliac
50
The posterior tibial a. enters the sole of the foot inferior to which malleolus of the ankle?
Left medial malleolus
51
Into which major veins do a) the great and b) the small saphenous veins drain?
Popliteal
52
The thoracic duct drains lymph to
left subclav vein
53
The right lymphatic duct drains lymph to
right subclav vein
54
The thoracic duct commences at vertebral level L1 as the
Cisterna Chyli
55
The sinu-atrial (SA) node - lies near the opening of the SVC in the
right atrium
56
To what vertebral levels do the pleura extend?
T8 anteriorly, T10 laterally and T12 posteriorly.
57
What nerve lies posterior to the hilum of the lung? What type of nerve fibres does it carry?
Vagus. Motor and sensory (somatic) and parasympathetic. Runs behind the hilum of the lung.
58
At what vertebral level does the aorta pass through the diaphragm?
T12
59
What nerve lies anterior to the hilum of the lung? What is this nerves root value and what does it supply?
- Phrenic nerve. From spinal nerves C3 C4 and C5. Motor supply to the diaphragm.
60
What intercostal muscle lies most deep? What is its nerve supply?
Innermost intercostal. Nerve supply from the intercostal nerves, the anterior rami of spinal nerves
61
What type of epithelium is present in the trachea and primary bronchi?
Pseudostratified columnar epithelium with goblet cells and cilia
62
The lungs are dissimilar in their gross anatomical features. The right lung is characterised by:
a) a transverse fissure situated between the middle and lower lobes
b) an oblique fissure situated between the upper and lower lobes
c) two fissures and 2 lobes
d) a transverse fissure situated between the upper and middle lobes
e) an oblique fissure situated between the upper and middle lobes
d) a transverse fissure situated between the upper and middle lobes
63
What is the function of the coronary sinus?
Drains the cardiac veins of the heart wall to the right atrium
64
Name the valve which lies between the left atrium and ventricle? How many cusps does it have?
Bicuspid (Mitral); 2
65
Where can the trabeculae carneae be found?
R+L Ventricles
66
At which vertebral level does the arch of the aorta begin and end?
T4
67
Which coronary artery supplies the sinuatrial node?
Right Coronary Artery
68
What is the sensory nerve supply to the pericardium?
Phrenic nerve
69
Where does the thoracic duct drain into?
Left Brachiocephalic vEIN
70
What happens to the abdominal aorta at vertebral level L4?
Bifurcates into common iliac arteries
71
What connects the basilic and cephalic veins in the arm
Median Cubital vein
72
1. Concerning the heart.
The left atrium possesses:
a) a bicuspid valve leading into the left ventricle
b) opening for the left and right pulmonary arteries
c) an opening for the coronary sinus
d) an oval fossa in its interatrial wall
e) an opening for the left brachiocephalic vein
e) an opening for the left brachiocephalic vein
73
The right ventricle possesses:
a) a bicuspid valve between it and the right atrium
b) an opening for the aorta
c) a septomarginal trabeculum (“moderator band”)
d) two papillary muscles
e) a thicker wall than that of the left ventricle
c) a septomarginal trabeculum (“moderator band”)
74
The right coronary artery:
a) arises from the aortic arch
b) gives off the circumflex artery
c) gives off the anterior interventricular artery
d) anastomoses with the circumflex artery
e) lies in the interventricular sulcus (groove)
c) gives off the anterior interventricular artery
75
The intrinsic rhythmicity of the myocardium is controlled by:
a) a pacemaker situated in the left atrium
b) a pacemaker situated adjacent to the opening of the inferior vena cava in the right atrium
c) somatic nerves from spinal segments T1-T4
d) sympathetic nerves from spinal segments T1-T4
e) parasympathetic nerves from spinal segments C3 - C5
d) sympathetic nerves from spinal segments T1-T4
76
The apex of the heart is lies:
a) in the 5th left intercostal space on the midsternal line
b) in the 5th left intercostal space on the midaxillary line
c) in the right intercostal space on the midclavicular line
d) in the left intercostal space on the midclavicular line
e) above the left nipple
d) in the left intercostal space on the midclavicular line
77
The radial artery:
a) is the direct distal continuation of the axillary artery
b) is found on the lateral side of the arm
c) gives off the ulnar artery
d) has no pulse
e) forms an arterial arch in the hand
e) forms an arterial arch in the hand
78
The femoral artery:
a) lies lateral to the femoral vein in the femoral triangle
b) lies deep to the quadriceps muscles in the thigh
c) lies anterior to the knee joint
d) gives off the anterior tibial artery
e) is a direct continuation of the internal iliac artery
a) lies lateral to the femoral vein in the femoral trianglee)
79
The superior vena cava:
a) receives the hemiazygos veins
b) drains the anterior intercostal veins
c) passes through the diaphragm at vertebral level T10
d) opens into the right ventricle of the heart
e) lies to the right of the ascending aorta
lies to the right of the ascending aorta
80
The aorta:
a) Arises from the right ventricle of the heart
b) Gives off the internal thoracic artery
c) Gives off the coronary arteries from its ascending part
d) Gives off the right subclavian artery from its arch
e) Has a descending part which begins at vertebral level T2
c) Gives off the coronary arteries from its ascending part
81
The contents of the middle mediastinum include:
a) the oesophagus
b) the descending aorta
c) the thoracic duct
d) the thymus gland
e) the origins of the great vessels of the heart
e) the origins of the great vessels of the heart
82
The surface marking of the apex (apex beat) of the heart is:
5th left intercostal space, in the midclavicular line
83
Heart Valves are formed from the
Tunica Intima
