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Cardio and Resp Anatomy > The Heart and Lungs > Flashcards

The Heart and Lungs Flashcards

1
Q

The heart is found within which cavity

A

Pericardial

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2
Q

How many ribs are there

A

12

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3
Q

Which bones articulate with the manubrium at its superolateral angles?

A

Clavicles

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4
Q

What is the name given to the median notch formed by the superior border of the manubrium?

A

Jugular Notch

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5
Q

At what vertebral level is the xiphoid process located?

A

T10

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6
Q

At what vertebral level is the sternomanubrial joint found?

A

t4/5

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7
Q

• Facets for 2nd costal cartilage. With which parts of the sternum do these articulate?

A

Costal notches

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8
Q

A typical rib articulates with two vertebral bodies. These are

A

Vertebral body of same number as rib and the vertebral body immediately above

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9
Q

Which layer should chest drain not go through

A

Visceral Pleura

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10
Q

Trachea is the inferior continuation of larynx where

A

C6

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11
Q

The nerve lying immediately lateral to the trachea on both sides is the

A

Vagus Nerve

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12
Q

Left lung features

A

Cardiac Impression
Aortic Impression
Cardiac Notch
Lingula

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13
Q

which lung has eparterial bronchus

A

right lung

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14
Q

Which layer of the pleura enters and lines the fissures of the lungs?

A

Visceral

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15
Q

Which layer of the pleura is sensitive to pain?

A

Parietal

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16
Q

With the aid of the diagrams above and an articulated skeleton map out the number of the rib at which the inferior border of a) the lung, and b) the parietal pleura, is located -
In the midclavicular line:

A

Lung rib 6 parietal rib 8

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17
Q

With the aid of the diagrams above and an articulated skeleton map out the number of the rib at which the inferior border of a) the lung, and b) the parietal pleura, is located -
In midaxillary line

A

lung rib 8 parietal rib 10

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18
Q

With the aid of the diagrams above and an articulated skeleton map out the number of the rib at which the inferior border of a) the lung, and b) the parietal pleura, is located -
In mid scapular line

A

lung rib 10 parietal rib 12

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19
Q

How many intercostal spaces difference is there between the inferior border of the lung and parietal pleura

A

2

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20
Q
  1. What organ occupies the notch seen in the anterior border of the left lung between ribs 4-6?
A

Heart

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21
Q

The oblique fissure follows the course of which rib

A

6

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22
Q

The horizontal fissure lies at the level of which rib

A

4th

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23
Q

Diaphragm is what type of muscle

A

Skeletal

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24
Q

How many attachments does diaphragm have

A

4

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25
Q

What cardiac structure is firmly attached the central tendon?

A

Fibrous Pericardium

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26
Q

To which vertebrae are the left and right crura attached

A

L2 and 3

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27
Q

Which membrane covers the superior surface of the diaphragm?

A

Pleura

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28
Q

When the diaphragm contracts, do the domes ascend or descend?

A

Descend

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29
Q

To which tendon is the diaphragm attached?

A

Central Tendon

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30
Q

To which costal cartilages is the diaphragm attached?

A

6-11

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31
Q

To which part of the sternum is the diaphragm attached?

A

Posterior Aspect

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32
Q

To which vertebrae is the diaphragm attached?

A

L2-3

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33
Q

On the wet specimen provided identify the three layers of the pericardium from superficial to deep:

A

Superficial: fibrous pericardium Intermediate: parietal of serous pericardium Deep: epicardium pericardium

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34
Q

Which layer belongs simultaneously to the heart wall and the serous pericardium?

A

Epicardium

35
Q

Which layer of the serous pericardium is inseparably attached to the inner aspect of the fibrous pericardium?

A

Parietal Layer

36
Q

The visceral pericardium receives autonomic innervation from

A

T1-4

37
Q

The parietal and fibrous layers of heart are innervated

A

Phrenic Nerve

38
Q

Which layer/s of the pericardium are innervated by pain fibres?

A

Fibrous pericardium and parietal layer of visceral pericardium

39
Q

Cardiac Veins drain to

A

coronary sinus then right atrium

40
Q

Beginning and termination of the aortic arch occurs at vertebral level

A

T4

41
Q

Bifurcation of the abdominal aorta

A

L4

42
Q

Bifurcation of the common iliac arteries

A

L5

43
Q

External iliac arteries – arise at vertebral level L6/S1 and become

A

Femoral Arteries

44
Q

The IVC drains blood from

A

Abdo and Pelvis and Lower Limbs

45
Q

The Internal thoracic (mammary) vein drains the anterior intercostal veins to

A

Brachiocephalic Veins

46
Q

Into which vein does the azygos vein drain?

A

SVC

47
Q

Which chest wall veins are drained by the azygos and hemiazygos venous systems?

A

Intercostal and Subcostal

48
Q

In which area of the upper limb does the brachial artery branch into radial and ulnar aa.?

A

Cubital Fossa and Lateral Border of 3rd Rib

49
Q

Thefemoralarteryadistalcontinuationofwhichartery?

A

external iliac

50
Q

The posterior tibial a. enters the sole of the foot inferior to which malleolus of the ankle?

A

Left medial malleolus

51
Q

Into which major veins do a) the great and b) the small saphenous veins drain?

A

Popliteal

52
Q

The thoracic duct drains lymph to

A

left subclav vein

53
Q

The right lymphatic duct drains lymph to

A

right subclav vein

54
Q

The thoracic duct commences at vertebral level L1 as the

A

Cisterna Chyli

55
Q

The sinu-atrial (SA) node - lies near the opening of the SVC in the

A

right atrium

56
Q

To what vertebral levels do the pleura extend?

A

T8 anteriorly, T10 laterally and T12 posteriorly.

57
Q

What nerve lies posterior to the hilum of the lung? What type of nerve fibres does it carry?

A

Vagus. Motor and sensory (somatic) and parasympathetic. Runs behind the hilum of the lung.

58
Q

At what vertebral level does the aorta pass through the diaphragm?

A

T12

59
Q

What nerve lies anterior to the hilum of the lung? What is this nerves root value and what does it supply?

A
  • Phrenic nerve. From spinal nerves C3 C4 and C5. Motor supply to the diaphragm.
60
Q

What intercostal muscle lies most deep? What is its nerve supply?

A

Innermost intercostal. Nerve supply from the intercostal nerves, the anterior rami of spinal nerves

61
Q

What type of epithelium is present in the trachea and primary bronchi?

A

Pseudostratified columnar epithelium with goblet cells and cilia

62
Q

The lungs are dissimilar in their gross anatomical features. The right lung is characterised by:

a) a transverse fissure situated between the middle and lower lobes
b) an oblique fissure situated between the upper and lower lobes
c) two fissures and 2 lobes
d) a transverse fissure situated between the upper and middle lobes
e) an oblique fissure situated between the upper and middle lobes

A

d) a transverse fissure situated between the upper and middle lobes

63
Q

What is the function of the coronary sinus?

A

Drains the cardiac veins of the heart wall to the right atrium

64
Q

Name the valve which lies between the left atrium and ventricle? How many cusps does it have?

A

Bicuspid (Mitral); 2

65
Q

Where can the trabeculae carneae be found?

A

R+L Ventricles

66
Q

At which vertebral level does the arch of the aorta begin and end?

A

T4

67
Q

Which coronary artery supplies the sinuatrial node?

A

Right Coronary Artery

68
Q

What is the sensory nerve supply to the pericardium?

A

Phrenic nerve

69
Q

Where does the thoracic duct drain into?

A

Left Brachiocephalic vEIN

70
Q

What happens to the abdominal aorta at vertebral level L4?

A

Bifurcates into common iliac arteries

71
Q

What connects the basilic and cephalic veins in the arm

A

Median Cubital vein

72
Q
  1. Concerning the heart.
    The left atrium possesses:
    a) a bicuspid valve leading into the left ventricle
    b) opening for the left and right pulmonary arteries
    c) an opening for the coronary sinus
    d) an oval fossa in its interatrial wall
    e) an opening for the left brachiocephalic vein
A

e) an opening for the left brachiocephalic vein

73
Q

The right ventricle possesses:

a) a bicuspid valve between it and the right atrium
b) an opening for the aorta
c) a septomarginal trabeculum (“moderator band”)
d) two papillary muscles
e) a thicker wall than that of the left ventricle

A

c) a septomarginal trabeculum (“moderator band”)

74
Q

The right coronary artery:

a) arises from the aortic arch
b) gives off the circumflex artery
c) gives off the anterior interventricular artery
d) anastomoses with the circumflex artery
e) lies in the interventricular sulcus (groove)

A

c) gives off the anterior interventricular artery

75
Q

The intrinsic rhythmicity of the myocardium is controlled by:

a) a pacemaker situated in the left atrium
b) a pacemaker situated adjacent to the opening of the inferior vena cava in the right atrium
c) somatic nerves from spinal segments T1-T4
d) sympathetic nerves from spinal segments T1-T4
e) parasympathetic nerves from spinal segments C3 - C5

A

d) sympathetic nerves from spinal segments T1-T4

76
Q

The apex of the heart is lies:

a) in the 5th left intercostal space on the midsternal line
b) in the 5th left intercostal space on the midaxillary line
c) in the right intercostal space on the midclavicular line
d) in the left intercostal space on the midclavicular line
e) above the left nipple

A

d) in the left intercostal space on the midclavicular line

77
Q

The radial artery:

a) is the direct distal continuation of the axillary artery
b) is found on the lateral side of the arm
c) gives off the ulnar artery
d) has no pulse
e) forms an arterial arch in the hand

A

e) forms an arterial arch in the hand

78
Q

The femoral artery:

a) lies lateral to the femoral vein in the femoral triangle
b) lies deep to the quadriceps muscles in the thigh
c) lies anterior to the knee joint
d) gives off the anterior tibial artery
e) is a direct continuation of the internal iliac artery

A

a) lies lateral to the femoral vein in the femoral trianglee)

79
Q

The superior vena cava:

a) receives the hemiazygos veins
b) drains the anterior intercostal veins
c) passes through the diaphragm at vertebral level T10
d) opens into the right ventricle of the heart
e) lies to the right of the ascending aorta

A

lies to the right of the ascending aorta

80
Q

The aorta:

a) Arises from the right ventricle of the heart
b) Gives off the internal thoracic artery
c) Gives off the coronary arteries from its ascending part
d) Gives off the right subclavian artery from its arch
e) Has a descending part which begins at vertebral level T2

A

c) Gives off the coronary arteries from its ascending part

81
Q

The contents of the middle mediastinum include:

a) the oesophagus
b) the descending aorta
c) the thoracic duct
d) the thymus gland
e) the origins of the great vessels of the heart

A

e) the origins of the great vessels of the heart

82
Q

The surface marking of the apex (apex beat) of the heart is:

A

5th left intercostal space, in the midclavicular line

83
Q

Heart Valves are formed from the

A

Tunica Intima

Cardio and Resp Anatomy (1 decks)

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