The Heart and Blood Vessels Flashcards
severe sub-sternal chest pain with exertion relieved by nitroglycerine no murmors or gallops normal Sr Cr high cholesterol high blood glc
What is the most likely etiology of the chest pain?
chronic stable angina dur to coronary artherlosclerosis #1
44 yo woman with RHD with aortic stenosis had a valve replacement and has been stable for the past 8 years. She then develops diminished exercise tolerance. What is the most likely complication involving the prosthesis?
stenosis
thrombosis and embolism is less likey bc pts are on anti-coagulants #3
Child with rheumatic fever develops left ventricular fibrillation and acute left ventricular failure. What is the most likely cause of the left ventricular heart failure?
myocarditis
*ARF also assc with pericarditis and endocarditis #4
complication of ventricular aneurysm
systemic thromboembolism #6
Where do ventricular aneurysm commony form?
weakness in the wall due to an MI
atrial myxoma
primary cardiac neoplasm
Cardiac rupture with temponade is a complication of …
5 to 7 days after an MI
endocarditis is a likely complication of …
valvular heart disease or septal defects
splinter hemorrhages seen with ….
bacterial endocarditis
What are elevated antistreptolysin O titers assc with?
acute rheumatic fever
postive ANCA is assc with
vasculitis
high ds DNA auto ab is assc with
libman-sacks endocarditis
10 year old girl who is normally developed with progressive exercise intolerance
cardiomegaly
mild pulmonary edema
ECG: severe left ventricular hypertrophy with a prominent inter-ventricular septum;l during systole the anterior leaflet of the mitral valve moves into the outflow tract of the left ventricle
abnormally high ejection fraction with low CO and ventricular volume.
What is the most likely cause of the abnormalities?
Beta-myosin heavy chain in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy #8
19 y/o man with: low grade fever low BP tender spleen tender hemorrhages on soles and palms high WBC heart murmur
infective endocarditis #11
Why complication is most lilly to occur 1 hr after an MI?
ventricular tachycardia #12
T or F: senile calcific stenosis involves the mitral valve
F: AORTIC VALVE
72 yo woman with:
-episodes of disorientation, difficulaty speaking, weakness on right side
-afebrile
-normal HR, BP, RR
-Asculation: irregular HR, midsystolic click
ECG: nodular deposits with the density of Ca around mitral valve, one leaflet of mitral valve balloons upward
-dec ejection fraction
mitral annular calcification #13
82 yr old with inc fatigue for the past 2 years: dizziness and syncope afebrile HR: 44/min BP: normal clear lungs ECG: notmal ejection fraction: 50% After treatment with digoxin causes the HR to become irregular
What part of the conduction system is likely to be damaged?
SA node
HR below 50/min = SA node dysfunction
SA node dysfunction may worsen with cardioactive drugs #14
WHat is the common cause of stable angina –> unstable angina (ACS)?
How does the pt presnet?
rupture of the plaque + superimposed thrombus
exertional pain to pain even at rest
ANA test = lupus, duh. But what type of pericarditis will the lupus pt most likely have?
What type post MI/over infarcted area?
post rhuematic fever?
serous
fibrinous
fibrinous
Most likely cause of HF in a 40 yo woman during 17th century?
rheumatic heart disease
machinery-like murmur
Patent ductus arteriosus
complication of myxoma
stroke
prussion blue stain =
hemachromatosis = decreased ventriculae compliance = dec filling = dec EDV
