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Thorax > The Heart > Flashcards

The Heart Flashcards

1
Q

what divides the anterior and posterior divisions of the tricuspid valve on the external surface of the heart?

A

Sulcus terminalis

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2
Q

what divides the anterior and posterior divisions of the tricuspid valve on the internal surface of the heart?

A

Crista Terminalis

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3
Q

Which side of the right atrium has a smooth wall?

A

Posterior wall

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4
Q

Which side of the right atrium has a ridged, muscular wall?

A

Anterior wall

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5
Q

what is another name for the smooth posterior wall of the right atrium?

A

Sinus Venarum (derived from embryological sinus venous)

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6
Q

Where does the fossa ovalis lie?

A

intraatrial septum

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7
Q

What are trabeculae carneae?

A

Muscular columns in the right and left ventricle

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8
Q

What name is given to the smooth outflow tract of the right ventricle?

A

Conus Arteriosus or Infundiulum

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9
Q

Do the trabeculae carneae lie on the inflow or outflow tract of the ventricle?

A

Inflow Tract = muscular wall.

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10
Q

how many parts are there to the intraventricular septum?

A

2 parts:

  • Thick muscular part - inferior
  • Thin membranous part - superior
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11
Q

What are the septomarginal trabecular?

A

Specialist trabecula containing right bundle to anterior wall of the right ventricle

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12
Q

Where are musculi pectanati found?

A

Atria

- right more than left

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13
Q

how many cusps does the mitral valve have?

A

2 cusps

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14
Q

what is the name given to the smooth outflow tract of the left ventricle?

A

Aortic Vestibule

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15
Q

How many cusps does the aortic valve have?

A

3

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16
Q

where do the coronary arteries arise?

A

immediately superior to the aortic valve - right and left aortic cusps

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17
Q

At what stage in the cardiac cycle do the coronary arteries fill?

A

Diastole

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18
Q

What is the coronary sulcus?

A

Groove between atria and ventricle

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19
Q

What are the 2 major branches of the right coronary artery?

A

Right marginal Branch

Posterior interventricular/Posterior Descending artery

20
Q

What are the 3 major branches of the left coronary artery?

A

Left Anterior Descending Artery
Circumflex Artery
Left Marginal Artery

21
Q

Which artery does the posterior descending artery come from?

A

RCA

22
Q

Which artery does the circumflex artery come from?

A

LCA

23
Q

where does the coronary sinus travel?

A

Between the left atrium + left ventricle (coronary sulcus)

24
Q

how many tributaries does the coronary sinus have?

A

4

25
Q

where does the great cardiac vein lie?

A

Anterior interventricular groove

travels posteriorly to drain into coronary sinus

26
Q

where does the middle cardiac vein lie?

A

Posterior inter ventricular groove

27
Q

where does the posterior cardiac vein lie?

A

Left Margin of the heart

Drains into great cardiac vein

28
Q

Where does the small cardiac vein lie?

A

Right side of the heart

29
Q

which vein lies in the anterior interventricular groove?

A

Great cardiac vein

30
Q

which vein lies in the posterior interventricular groove?

A

Middle cardiac vein

31
Q

which vein lies on the left side of the heart?

A

Posterior cardiac vein

32
Q

Which vein lies on the right side of the heart?

A

Small Cardiac vein

33
Q

where do the thesbian veins drain?

A

into the right atrium directly

34
Q

what are the thesbian veins?

A

umerous small veins running over the surface of the heart they drain into the heart itself

35
Q

what is the definition of the ejection fraction?

A

stroke volume divided by end diastolic volume

36
Q

which coronary artery arises from the anterior aortic sinus?

A

Right

37
Q

which coronary artery arises from the left posterior aortic sinus?

A

Left

38
Q

which coronary artery arises from the right posterior aortic sinus?

A

none

39
Q

what happens at phase 0 of the cardiac cycle?

A

Rapid sodium influx

40
Q

what happens at phase 1 of the cardiac cycle?

A

Small efflux of potassium

41
Q

what happens at phase 2 of the cardiac cycle?

A

Slow influx of calcium

42
Q

what happens at phase 3 of the cardiac cycle?

A

efflux of potassium

43
Q

what happens at phase 4 of the cardiac cycle?

A

sodium/calcium efflux, potassium influx

44
Q

what action causes the plateau phase of the cardiac cycle?

A

Calcium influx

45
Q

in patients with metallic heart valves on intravenous heparin - how long before the operation should the infusion be stopped?

A

6 hours prior

46
Q

where is the SA node located in the heart?

A

near superior end of sulcus terminals

47
Q

where is the AV node located in the heart?

A

posterior-inferior region of interatrial septum

Thorax (3 decks)

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