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Biology UNIT 5 > The heart > Flashcards

The heart Flashcards

January exam

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1
Q

What is the term to describe the heart muscles?

A

Myogenic

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2
Q

What does the term myogenic mean?

A

Contract spontaneously without being stimulated by nerve cells.

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3
Q

What are the four main chambers of the heart?

A

Left and right atrium and ventricle.

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4
Q

What does the left pulmonary vein and artery do?

A

Carries oxygenated blood from and to the left lung.

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5
Q

What does the left pulmonary vein and artery do?

A

Carries deoxygenated blood from and to the right lung.

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6
Q

What does the aorta do?

A

Carries oxygenated blood to the body.

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7
Q

What does the semilunar valve do?

A

It prevents backward flow of blood.

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8
Q

How is the left ventricular muscle adapted?

A

It has thick cardiac muscle.

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9
Q

How is the right ventricular muscle adapted?

A

It has thin cardiac muscle.

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10
Q

What does the septum do?

A

Divides left and right side of the heart.

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11
Q

What does the purkinje fibres do?

A

Send nerve impulses to the ventricles of the heart.

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12
Q

What does the inferior vena cava?

A

Carries deoxygenated blood from the lower and middle body.

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13
Q

What does the bundles of His do?

A

It transmits impulses from the AV node to the ventricles.

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14
Q

What does the sinoatrial node (SAN) do?

A

Heart’s pacemaker responsible for the regular contractions of the heart muscle.

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15
Q

What does the superior vena cava do?

A

Carries deoxygenated blood from the upper body.

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16
Q

What does the term cardiac output mean?

A

Volume of blood pumped out by the heart per minute.

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17
Q

What does the heart rate mean?

A

Number of heart beats per minute.

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18
Q

What does the stroke volume mean?

A

volume of blood in millilitres, pumped out of the heart at each beat.

19
Q

What do the arteries do and which one is the main artery for the heart?

A

Carries the blood away from the heart, the main artery is the aorta.

20
Q

What do the capillaries do and what is the structure?

A

Carries blood away from the body and exchange nutrients, waste and oxygen with tissues at the cellular tissues.

21
Q

What do the veins do?

A

Blood vessels that bring blood back at the heart and drain blood from organs and limbs.

22
Q

What are the five factors that increase the risk of cardiovascular disease?

A

Age, gender, family history, smoking and high blood pressure.

23
Q

How does age affect the risk of cardio disease?

A

Risk of damage and narrowed arteries and weakened or thickened heart muscle.

24
Q

How does gender affect the risk of cardio disease?

A

Men are generally at greater risk of heart muscle, women’s risk increases after menopause.

25
Q

How does family history affect the risk of cardio disease?

A

risk of disease if your parents have suffered from it.

26
Q

How does smoking affect the risk of cardio disease?

A

Nicotine constricts the blood vessels and carbon monoxide can damage the inner lining- heart attacks are more common.

27
Q

How does high blood pressure affect the risk of cardio disease?

A

Uncontrolled blood pressure can result in hardening and thickening of the arteries, these narrow the vessels through which blood flows.

28
Q

What does the term cardiac diastole mean?

A

chambers are relaxed and all the blood flows into the heart.

29
Q

What does the atrial systole and ventricular diastole mean?

A

atria contract, pushing blood into the ventricles.

30
Q

What does atrial diastole and ventricular systole mean?

A

atria relax the ventricles contract and pushing blood out of the heart.

31
Q

What does the term systole mean?

A

Contraction of the ventricles and forcing blood into the vessels to your lungs and body.

32
Q

What does the term diastole mean?

A

Relaxation of the ventricles are filled with blood coming from the upper chambers (left and right atria).

33
Q

What does the term sinus arrhythemias mean?

A

Irregular heart rate

34
Q

What does the ventricular fibrillation mean?

A

Fast heart rate.

35
Q

What does the tachycardia mean?

A

Fast heart rate.

36
Q

What does the bradycardia mean?

A

Slow heart rate.

37
Q

What are the symptoms for cardiovascular disease?

A

smoking, diabetes, drug abuse, stress, chest pain, shortness of breath, lightheadedness and fainting.

38
Q

What does the term Rh determine?

A

Determines if it is positive or negative.

39
Q

What are the four types of blood?

A

A, B, AB and O.

40
Q

what is special about O blood?

A

No antigens

41
Q

what is the universal blood type?

A

O.

42
Q

Where are the antibodies found?

A

Plasma and part of your body’s natural defences.

43
Q

Where are the antigens found?

A

Protein molecules.

44
Q

What are the four steps of the cardiac cycle.

A

Ventricular diastole, ventricular systole, atrial diastole and atrial systole.

Biology UNIT 5 (3 decks)

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