The heart

Question 1

How many times does the heart contract in the average lifetime?

Answer 1

About 2.5 billion times

Question 2

What does the pulmonary circuit do?

Answer 2

It sends oxygen-depleted blood (deoxygenated) to the lungs to pick up O2 and unload CO2.

Question 3

What does the systemic circuit do?

Answer 3

It sends oxygenated blood and nutrients to all body cells and removes waste.

Question 4

What encloses the heart?

Answer 4

The parietal pericardium

Question 5

What is the parietal pericardium?

Answer 5

A sac like structure that holds the heart in place and contains a small volume of serous fluid that reduces friction as the heart moves

Question 6

How many layers is the wall of the heart?

Answer 6

3 distinct layers

Question 7

What is the epicardium?

Answer 7

The outer layer of the wall of the heart which protects the heart by reducing friction

Question 8

What is the myocardium?

Answer 8

The thick middle layer of the wall of the heart which consists mostly of cardiac muscle tissue that pumps blood out of he heart chambers

Question 9

What is the endocardium?

Answer 9

The inner layer of the wall of the heart which is continuous with the inner linings of blood vessels attached to the heart

Question 10

How many chambers is the heart divided into? What are they called?

Answer 10

4 chambers

The upper chambers are atria while the lower chambers are ventricles

Question 11

What are the atria like and what do they do?

Answer 11

They are thin walled and receive blood returning to the heart

Question 12

What do the ventricles do?

Answer 12

They receive blood from the atria and contract to force blood out of the heart into arteries.

Question 13

What separates the left and right atria and ventricles?

Answer 13

A solid wall-like septum

Question 14

What does the right atrium receive blood from?

Answer 14

Two large veins, the superior and inferior vena cava

Question 15

Where is the large tricuspid valve located? What does it allow?

Answer 15

Between the right atrium and right ventricle

The passage of blood from the atrium to the ventricle without backflips

Question 16

What are the atrioventricular valves (A-V)?

Answer 16

The tricuspid valve and the mitral valve

Question 17

Which ventricle wall is thinner? Why?

Answer 17

The right ventricle muscular wall is thinner because blood must only be pumped to the lungs, not to the entire body.

Question 18

The right ventricle pumps blood to ____

While the left ventricle pumps blood ______.

Answer 18

The lungs

Throughout the body

Question 19

When the muscular wall of the right ventricle contracts,

Answer 19

Blood inside its chamber exits through the pulmonary valve into the pulmonary trunk.

Question 20

The pulmonary trunk divides into

Answer 20

The left and right pulmonary arteries

Question 21

What does blood from the pulmonary valve do?

Answer 21

It picks up oxygen in the lungs and deposits CO2.

Question 22

What does blood from the lungs travel through and where does it go to?

Answer 22

Four pulmonary veins, two from the right lung and two from the left lung, transfer oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left atrium

Question 23

Blood passes from the left atrium into

Answer 23

The left ventricle through the mitral (bicuspid) valve

Question 24

When the left ventricle contracts,

Answer 24

The mitral valve closes and the only exit for blood is through the large aorta artery.

Question 25

A heartbeat heard through ______ sounds like _____.

Answer 25

A stethoscope

A lubb-dupp

Question 26

What produces the sound of the heartbeat?

Answer 26

The vibration of the heart tissue associated with the closing of the heart valves

Question 27

The “lubb” occurs when?

Answer 27

During ventricular contraction when the A-V valves, mainly the tricuspid, are closing

Question 28

The “dupp” occurs when?

Answer 28

During ventricular relaxation, when the pulmonary and aortic valves are closing

Question 29

What do blood vessels consist of?

Answer 29

Arteries, arterioles, capillaries, venules, and veins

Question 30

What are arteries?

Answer 30

Strong elastic vessels that are adapted to carry blood away from the heart under high pressure

Question 31

The inner wall of an artery is made of simple squamous epithelium called endothelium.
What does endothelium do?

Answer 31

Releases nitric oxide, which relaxes the smooth muscle of the vessel

Question 32

What is atherosclerosis?

Answer 32

An arterial disease in which deposits of fatty materials like cholesterol form plaque within the walls of arteries that restrict blood flow

Question 33

What are the risk factors for developing atherosclerosis?

Answer 33

A fatty (saturated), high sodium diet, elevated blood pressure, tobacco smoking, obesity, and lack of physical exercise

Question 34

How is pulse pressure calculated?

Answer 34

By subtracting diastolic pressure from systolic pressure

Question 35

What is normal blood pressure? What is the diastolic number? Systolic?

Answer 35

120/80
Diastolic is the denominator
Systolic is the numerator

Question 36

The lowest heart rate recorded was ____ and belonged to _____.

Answer 36

25 beats per minute

An athlete

Question 37

What artery feeds the large intestines? Where is it located?

Answer 37

The superior mesenteric

Down the center of the body

Question 38

What artery do you feel for your pulse?

Answer 38

The radial artery

Question 39

What is the longest vein in the body? Where is it located?

Answer 39

The great saphenous

In the leg

Question 40

What artery can cause strokes if both of its branches are blocked? Where is it located?

Answer 40

The common carotid

In the neck

Question 41

Where is the external jugular vein located?

Answer 41

On the left side of the face

Question 42

How much blood does the heart pump through the body each day?

Answer 42

7,000 liters