the heart

Question 1

layers of heart wall

Answer 1

endocardium
myocardium
pericardium
pericardial sac
pericardial cavity
cardiac skeleton

Question 2

endothelium of endocardium is composed of __ ___ cells

Answer 2

simple squamous

Question 3

the looser CT layer of the endocardium is composed of ____ ct

Answer 3

fibroelastic

Question 4

in the endocardium there is a more dense reg CT layer that has more ___ & ___ fibers with some smooth musc

Answer 4

collagen I

elastic

Question 5

in the endocardium the ____ layer is made up of looser CT w/ BV, nerves & purkinje fibers

Answer 5

subendocardial

Question 6

__ __ are modified cardiac myocytes w/ fewer myofibrils, peripherally placed that contain stored ____

Answer 6

purkinje fibers

glycogen

Question 7

purkinje fibers are attached using __ __ & macula adherens, and function to rapidly conduct ___ impulse

Answer 7

gap junctions

contraction

Question 8

in the MYOcardium, the ___ has less muscle and more elastic fibers

Answer 8

atria

Question 9

in the MYOcardium, the ___ has a well developed cardiac muscle layer

Answer 9

ventricle

Question 10

the intercalated discs of the MYOcardium are composed of a TRANSVERSE portion with __ adherens & ___ adherens, and LONGITUDINAL portion with large __ __

Answer 10

macula
fascia
gap junctions

Question 11

the intercalated discs of the myocardium fxn to:

• attach cardiac myocites using __ & _
• attach & stabilize myofibrils using __
• cell to cell comm using __

Answer 11

MA & GJ
FA
GJ

Question 12

___ increase HR & contraction force, while ____ slow HR and decrease contraction force

Answer 12

sympathetics

parasympathetics

Question 13

specialized cardiac muscle cells aka

Answer 13

myendocrine cells

Question 14

hormones are released into surrounding caps to function in:

• fluid & electrolyte balance: targeting the __
• decrease BP: targeting the small __ & __

Answer 14

kidneys

arteries & arterioles

Question 15

(serous) pericardium is made up of the ___ & __ __

Answer 15

epicardium (visceral pericardium)

parietal pericardium

Question 16

the epicardium (w/i pericardium) is a subepicardial layer of fibroelastic ct containing ___ ___, nerves, and sometimes too much ___

Answer 16

coronary vessels

adipose

Question 17

the ___ of the epicardium secretes of serous lubricating fluid

Answer 17

mesothelium

Question 18

the parietal pericardium (w/i pericardium) also contains a mesothelium and a layer of ___ ct

Answer 18

fibroelastic

Question 19

the pericardial sac holds all the fluid and is composed of a ___ pericardium & ___ pericardium

Answer 19

parietal

fibrous

Question 20

the pericardial cavity holds __-__ ml of fluid and is between the epicardium and parietal pericardium

Answer 20

15-50

Question 21

valves are endothelium w dense ___ CT below, and has many collagen I and elastic fibers, and is almost ___

Answer 21

irregular

avascular

Question 22

the ___ ___ is made of DENSE irreg ct and has three main components:
annuli fibrosi
trigonum fibrosum
septum membranaceum

Answer 22

cardiac irregular

Question 23

the __ __ is around the base of the aorta, pulm artery and openings to the chambers

Answer 23

annuli fibrosi

Question 24

the __ __ is found by the cusps of aortic valve

Answer 24

trigonum fibrosum

Question 25

the __ __ is the upper portion of interventricular septum that functions as origin and insertion for some cardiac myocytes

Answer 25

septum membranaceum

Question 26

the __ __ are tendon like and made of dense REG CT

Answer 26

chordae tendinae

Question 27

in general, the __ __ isolates atrial and ventricular myocardia to ensure individual rhythmic chamber contraxn

Answer 27

cardiac skeleton