The Heart Flashcards
What are the three layers of the pericardium and what do they attach to?
Fibrous - to great vessels and diaphragm, parietal serous - to fibrous, visceral serous - to surface of heart
What is the function of the pericardium?
Anchors heart + limits movement/ excessive dilation, protection, lubrication
What is effusion of the pericardium?
Excess fluid build up in the pericardium sac, puts pressure on heart and leads to cardiac tamponade
What is special about all three layers of the pericardium?
They’re all continuous of each other
What veins lead to right atrium?
Superior/inferior vena cava
Where are the tricuspid valves and the fossa ovalis?
Valves between R atrium and ventricle, ovalis is on interatrial septum
What do pectinate muscles do and where found?
Right atrium - increases contractile force without increasing heart mass substantially
What is the coronary sinus responsible for and where is the opening found?
Draining majority of deoxygenated blood from heart, located in right atrium
What two structures in the ventricles help to open/close the tricuspid and mitral valves?
Papillary muscles and chordae tendineae
What is the septomarginal band?
Thick band of muscle ONLY in right ventricle - can help distinguish and aids timing of contractions
What main artery and valve leaves from the right ventricle?
Pulmonary (semilunar) valve and pulmonary trunk of artery
What veins enter the left atrium?
Pulmonary veins
What is the auricle found on left and right atria?
Acts as a reservoir when fluid is high and adds to contractile force
Where are is the mitral valve?
Between L atrium and L ventricle
What do the trabeculae carneae do?
Tubular muscles lining ventricles, contraction pulls on chordae tendineae to help prevent backflow into atria