The Head and Its External Features Flashcards
What are the bones of the skull?
Skull, mandible, hyoid apparatus, ossicles of middle ear, cartilages of external ear, nose, and larynx
What are the bones of the skull separated by?
Sutures
What bones form the dorsal wall of the brain case?
Parietal and frontal bones
What is the caudal extremity of the cranium?
External occipital protuberance
Which species has an incomplete orbital ring connected by an orbital ligament?
Cat, Pig, Dog
Which species have a complete orbital ring?
Ox, Horse
What bones/processes make up the zygomatic arch?
Temporal process of the zygomatic bone and zygomatic process of the temporal bone
What is the function of the external acoustic meatus?
Entrance to the middle ear
What passes through the stylomastoid foramen?
Facial nerve
What passes through the optic canal?
Optic nerve (CN II)
What passes through the orbital fissure?
Opthalmic nerve (CN V1), Oculomotor nerve (CN III), Trochlear nerve (CN IV), Abducens nerve (CN VI), and external opthalmic vein
What passes through the rostral alar foramen
Maxillary nerve (CN V2), and maxillary artery
What passes through the infraorbital foramen?
Infraorbital nerve (branch of maxillary nerve - CN V2)
What is the region where the nasal cavities open into the pharynx?
The choanal region
What passes through the jugular foramen (aka tympano-occipital)
Glossopharygeal nerve (CN IX), Vagus nerve (CN X), Accessory nerve (CN XI), and a vein draining the cranium
What foramen is on the rostral side of the tympanic bulla (rostral to jugular foramen)
Foramen lacerum
What passes through the hypoglossal canal and what structures is it between?
Hypoglossal nerve (CN XII) Between the jugular foramen and the occipital condyle
What are the horizontal and vertical parts of the mandible called?
body and ramus
What are the foramena in the mandible called?
Mental foramina
What mandibular process attaches to the temporal muscle?
coronoid process
What mandibular process articulates with the skull?
condylar process
What muscles attach to the angular process of the mandible?
Masseter and medial pterygoid muscles
What is the order of the bones of the hyoid? (starting with attachment to skull)
Stylohyoid, Epihyoid, Ceratohyoid, Basihyoid, Thyrohyoid
What are the three types of dog head conformations from elongated to short muzzle)
Dolichocephalic, Mesaticephalic, Brachycephalic
