the Hardy-Weinberg principle Flashcards
define gene pool
gene pool refers to all the alleles of all the individuals in a population at any one time
define allelic frequency
the number of times an allele of a particular gene occurs within the gene pool
what is the Hardy-Weinberg principle?
the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium is based upon a principle which states that the frequency of dominant and recessive alleles in a population (and thus the genotypes) will remain constant from generation to generation provided certain exist
what are the conditions required for the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium?
- the population is large
- mating within the population is random
- no mutations of the gene occur
· there is no selection i.e. all alleles are equally likely to be passed to the next generation
- the population is isolated there is no flow of alleles into or out of the population
what does the Hardy-Weinberg principle also provide?
the Hardy-Weinberg principle also provides a method that can be used to calculate the frequencies of the alleles and genotypes for a particular gene in a population
in a population where there are only two alleles of a particular gene, the frequency of these two alleles must equal ___.
in a population where there are only two alleles of a particular gene, the frequency of these two alleles must equal 1.0.
what are the Hardy-Weinberg equations and what does each part mean?
p + q = 1.0 (where 1.0 = 100% of the population)
- p = the frequency of the dominant allele e.g. A
- q = the frequency of the recessive allele e.g. a
p^2 + 2pq + q^2 = 1.0 (where 1.0 = 100% of the population)
- p^2 = the frequency of the homozygous dominant genotype e.g. AA
- 2pq = the frequency of the heterozygous genotype e.g. Aa
- q^2= the frequency of the homozygous recessive genotype e.g. aa
read the examples of the Hardy -Weinberg principle being applied
see examples
