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Chemistry > The Halogens > Flashcards

The Halogens Flashcards

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1
Q

What type of molecule do they exist as?

A

Diatomic

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2
Q

True or false - they are toxic.

A

True

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3
Q

How does boiling point change down the group and why?

A 
Increases
Bigger molecule
More electrons
Greater electron shift
Greater dipole
Stronger VDW
More energy required to overcome
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4
Q

Difference between halogens and halide.

A

Halogen has 7 e- on outer shell

Halide has 8 e- on outer shell hence is a 1- ion from gaining 1 e-

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5
Q

Trend in electronegativity down the group

A 
Decreases
Atomic radius increases 
Greater shielding
Decreased attraction between positive nucleus and outmost electron
Hence harder to gain an electron
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6
Q

Trend in oxidising ability down group

A

Decrease
Atomic radius increases
Increased shielding
Attraction between nucleus and outermost electron decreased
Hence ability to gain an electron is decreased

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7
Q

When will a halogen displace a halide?

A

If the halide is below it in the periodic table.

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8
Q

KCl + Cl2…

A

Does not occur

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9
Q

KBr+Cl2…

A

Yellow/brown solution formed

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10
Q

KI + Cl2…

A

Brown solution

Black ppt

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11
Q

KCl+Br2…

A

No reaction

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12
Q

KBr + Br2…

A

Does not occur

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13
Q

KI+Br2…

A

Dark brown solution

Black ppt

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14
Q

KCl + I2

A

Remains yellow

No change

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15
Q

KBr + I2…

A

Remains yellow

No change

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16
Q

KI + I2…

A

Does not occur

17
Q

Cl- + Silver nitrate

A

White ppt

18
Q

Br- + silver nitrate

A

Cream precipitate

19
Q

I- + silver nitrate

A

Yellow precipitate

20
Q

F- + silver nitrate

A

Dissolves, no ppt as AgF is very soluble

21
Q

At- + silver nitrate

A

Brown precipitate

22
Q

Trend in solubility down the group

A

Decreases

23
Q

Cl- ppt in silver nitrate solution - name and formula

A

AgCl

Ag+ + Cl- -> AgCl

24
Q

Br- ppt in silver nitrate solution - name and formula

A

AgBr

Ag+ + Br- -> AgBr

25
Q

I- ppt in silver nitrate solution - name and formula

A

AgI

Ag+ + I- -> AgI

26
Q

Adding dilute NH3 to Cl- ppt

A

Dissolve

Go colourless

27
Q

Adding dilute NH3 to Br- ppt

A

Would not dissolve

28
Q

Adding dilute NH3 to I- ppt

A

Doesn’t dissolve

29
Q

Adding concentrated NH3 to Cl- ppt

A

Dissolves

30
Q

Adding concentrated NH3 to Br- ppt

A

Dissolves and goes colourless

31
Q

Adding concentrated NH3 to I- ppt

A

Doesn’t dissolve

32
Q

Adding NH3 to AgF

A

Don’t bother testing it as it has already dissolved

33
Q

Adding NH3 to AgAt

A

Doesn’t dissolve

34
Q

Why is nitric acid used?

A

To neutralise carbonate ions in solution to REMOVE them

Carbonate ions could form a white ppt with Ag which could be mistaken for presence of chloride ions.

35
Q

Equation for the neutralisation of carbonate ions

A

2H+ + CO3^-2 ➡️ H2O + CO2

36
Q

Why is the neutralisation of carbonate ions not a redox reaction?

A

No electrons gained or donated

Chemistry (9 decks)

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