The Gut-Brain Axis

Question 1

The Gut-Brain Axis

Answer 1

The gut–brain axis (GBA) is a bidirectional (‘two-way’), multi-faceted communication link between the central and enteric nervous systems.
It involves direct and indirect pathways between cognitive and emotional areas in the brain with the gastrointestinal tract. (info flows back and forth)

Question 2

Gut-Brain-Microbiota Axis

Answer 2

Gut microbiota and brain communicate through the gut-brain axis. Each person has a unique composition of gut microbiota, consisting of bacteria, ruses, and fungi in the digestive tract.
● These microorganisms influence serotonin and neurotransmitter production and release chemicals that communicate with the brain and organs like the heart and liver.

Question 3

The Vagus Nerve

Answer 3

The vagus nerve, is the most important nerve in the parasympathetic nervous system, impacts mood, immune response, digestion, and heart rate. The gut-brain axis also connects with the autonomic, endocrine, immune, and stress response systems, affecting various bodily functions.

Question 4

Gut Microbiota

Answer 4

Gut microbiomes (collective term for population of microbiota) influence the production of neurotransmitters like dopamine, GABA, and serotonin.
● Imbalances in gut bacteria can affect neurotransmitter acti ty, immune function, cognitive processes, mood, heart health, digestion, stress response, and conditions such as autism, Parkinson’s, anxiety, and depression.

Question 5

There are bidirectional links between …

Answer 5

There are bidirectional links between gut microbiota and stress, where stress disturbs gut balance, and gut bacteria influence stress susceptibility and recovery. Stress can also affect gut-brain communication and contribute to gastrointestinal disorders.