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The Great War Flashcards

1
Q

Militarism

A

the opinions or actions of people who believe that a country should use military methods, forces, etc., to gain power and to achieve its goals.

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2
Q

Alliences

A

a group of countries or political parties that are formally united and working together because they have similar aims.

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3
Q

Nationalism

A

a strong attachment to a particular country, or nation

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4
Q

What events led Pres. Woodrow Wilson to declare war on Germany in 1917?

A

The sinking of the R.M.S Lusitantia

Zimerman telegram

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5
Q

Why did the Allies Powers welcome the arrival of U.S. troops on the Western Front?

A

acted as a much-needed morale boost for the war-weary Allied soldiers

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6
Q

How did Americans on the homefront help support the war effort?

A

Many Americans supported the war effort by purchasing war bonds. Women replaced men in sports leagues, orchestras and community institutions. Americans grew 60% of the produce they consumed in “Victory Gardens”. The war effort on the United States Home Front was a total effort.

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7
Q

What were Pres. Woodrow Wilson’s Fourteen Points for world peace?

A
  1. Open diplomacy without secret treaties
  2. Economic free trade on the seas during war and peace
  3. Equal trade conditions
  4. Decrease armaments among all nations
  5. Adjust colonial claims
  6. Evacuation of all Central Powers from Russia and allow it to define its own independence
  7. Belgium to be evacuated and restored
  8. Return of Alsace-Lorraine region and all French territories
  9. Readjust Italian borders
  10. Austria-Hungary to be provided an opportunity for self-determination
  11. Redraw the borders of the Balkan region creating Roumania, Serbia and Montenegro
  12. Creation of a Turkish state with guaranteed free trade in the Dardanelles
  13. Creation of an independent Polish state
  14. Creation of the League of Nations
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8
Q

Why did the Treaty of Versailles fail to prevent future wars?

A

It was doomed from the start, and another war was practically certain.” 8 The principle reasons for the failure of the Treaty of Versailles to establish a long-term peace include the following: 1) the Allies disagreed on how best to treat Germany; 2) Germany refused to accept the terms of reparations; and 3) Germany’s refusal to accept the “war-guilt” clause, Article 231, led to growing German resentment and nationalism.

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9
Q

How did the U.S. emerge as a global world power after the Great War?

A

It accelerated income tax and urbanisation and helped make America the pre-eminent economic and military power in the world.

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10
Q
A
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11
Q

What is militarism?

A

The belief that a country should maintain a strong military capability and be prepared to use it aggressively to defend or promote national interests.

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12
Q

What were the main alliances during World War I?

A

Triple Alliance and Triple Entente.

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13
Q

What countries were part of the Triple Alliance?

A
  • Germany
  • Austria-Hungary
  • Italy
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14
Q

What countries were part of the Triple Entente?

A
  • France
  • Russia
  • Great Britain
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15
Q

What is imperialism?

A

A policy of extending a country’s power and influence through colonization, military force, or other means.

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16
Q

Define nationalism.

A

A political ideology that emphasizes the interests and culture of a particular nation, often in opposition to foreign influence.

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17
Q

What was the significance of the arms race prior to World War I?

A

It led to increased military spending and the development of new weapons, contributing to tensions among nations.

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18
Q

What were dreadnoughts?

A

A class of battleships introduced in the early 20th century, characterized by their large size and heavy firepower.

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19
Q

What role did U-boats play in World War I?

A

German submarines used to disrupt Allied shipping and enforce a naval blockade.

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20
Q

What is Alsace-Lorraine?

A

A region in northeastern France that was a point of contention between France and Germany.

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21
Q

What is the Balkan Peninsula known for in the context of World War I?

A

It was a region of intense nationalist conflict and a hotspot for tensions leading to the war.

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22
Q

What does self-determination mean?

A

The right of people to determine their own political status and pursue their economic, social, and cultural development.

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23
Q

What were the Western Front and Eastern Front?

A

The two main theaters of combat during World War I.

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24
Q

What was the Schlieffen Plan?

A

Germany’s military strategy to quickly defeat France and then move to fight Russia.

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25
What does deadlock or stalemate refer to in a military context?
A situation where neither side can gain an advantage or victory.
26
Who was Archduke Franz Ferdinand?
Heir to the Austro-Hungarian throne whose assassination sparked World War I. ## Footnote His assassination occurred on June 28, 1914, in Sarajevo.
27
Who assassinated Archduke Franz Ferdinand?
Gavrilo Princip. ## Footnote He was a member of the nationalist group known as the Black Hand.
28
What were the two main alliances during World War I?
Central Powers & Allied Powers. ## Footnote The Central Powers primarily included Germany, Austria-Hungary, and the Ottoman Empire, while the Allied Powers included France, the United Kingdom, Russia, and later the United States.
29
Who was Kaiser Wilhelm II?
The last Emperor of Germany and King of Prussia, ruling from 1888 to 1918. ## Footnote His leadership and militaristic policies contributed to the outbreak of World War I.
30
Who was Czar Nicholas II?
The last Emperor of Russia, ruling from 1894 until his abdication in 1917. ## Footnote His reign saw the fall of the Russian Empire due to World War I and the Russian Revolution.
31
Who was Archduke Franz Ferdinand?
Heir to the Austro-Hungarian throne whose assassination sparked World War I. ## Footnote His assassination occurred on June 28, 1914, in Sarajevo.
32
Who assassinated Archduke Franz Ferdinand?
Gavrilo Princip. ## Footnote He was a member of the nationalist group known as the Black Hand.
33
What were the two main alliances during World War I?
Central Powers & Allied Powers. ## Footnote The Central Powers primarily included Germany, Austria-Hungary, and the Ottoman Empire, while the Allied Powers included France, the United Kingdom, Russia, and later the United States.
34
Who was Kaiser Wilhelm II?
The last Emperor of Germany and King of Prussia, ruling from 1888 to 1918. ## Footnote His leadership and militaristic policies contributed to the outbreak of World War I.
35
Who was Czar Nicholas II?
The last Emperor of Russia, ruling from 1894 until his abdication in 1917. ## Footnote His reign saw the fall of the Russian Empire due to World War I and the Russian Revolution.
36
What is the concept of neutrality in the context of war?
Neutrality refers to the stance of a country that does not participate in a conflict and maintains a position of impartiality.
37
What are Liberty Bonds?
Liberty Bonds are government-issued bonds sold to finance military operations during wartime.
38
What are Victory Gardens?
Victory Gardens are private gardens cultivated by citizens to supplement food supplies during wartime.
39
What does the term 'Espionage' refer to?
Espionage refers to the act of spying or using spies to obtain secret information, especially in government or military contexts.
40
What is the meaning of 'Sedition'?
Sedition is conduct or speech inciting people to rebel against the authority of a state.
41
What is an Armistice?
An Armistice is an agreement between warring parties to stop fighting, typically to negotiate peace.
42
Who was President Woodrow Wilson?
President Woodrow Wilson was the 28th President of the United States, serving from 1913 to 1921.
43
Who were Vladimir Lenin and the Bolsheviks?
Vladimir Lenin was a revolutionary leader who led the Bolsheviks, a faction of the Marxist Russian Social Democratic Labor Party, during the Russian Revolution.
44
Who was General John J. Pershing?
General John J. Pershing was the commander of the American Expeditionary Forces (AEF) during World War I.
45
What was the War Industries Board (WIB)?
The War Industries Board was a U.S. government agency that coordinated the production of war materials during World War I.
46
What were the Harlem Hellfighters?
The Harlem Hellfighters were an African American infantry regiment that fought in World War I, known for their bravery.
47
Who was Maj. Julia C. Stimson?
Maj. Julia C. Stimson was a prominent nurse and leader in the Army Nurse Corps (ANC) during World War I.
48
Who was Herbert Hoover?
Herbert Hoover was the head of the Food Administration during World War I, responsible for managing food supplies and distribution.
49
What was the Committee on Public Information (CPI)?
The Committee on Public Information was a U.S. government agency created to influence public opinion and promote support for the war.
50
What significant event occurred in 1912?
Election of 1912 / Wilson’s First Term
51
What happened in May 1915?
Sinking of R.M.S. Lusitania
52
What major political event took place in 1916?
Election of 1916 / Wilson’s Second Term
53
What major historical event occurred from March 1917 to March 1918?
Russian Revolution
54
When did the U.S. enter WWI?
April - June 1917
55
What significant battle took place in July 1918?
Battle of Chateau Thierry
56
What campaign occurred from October to November 1918?
Argonne Campaign
57
What is Armistice Day and when is it observed?
Armistice Day observed on November 11, 1918 at 11:00 am
58
What is the main purpose of Wilson's Fourteen Points?
To outline a strategy for peace after World War I ## Footnote The Fourteen Points were proposed by U.S. President Woodrow Wilson as a basis for peace negotiations.
59
What concept emphasizes the ability of nations to govern themselves without external interference?
Self-Determination ## Footnote This principle was a key aspect of Wilson's vision for post-war national boundaries.
60
What term describes the international organization proposed by Wilson to promote peace and cooperation?
League of Nations ## Footnote The League was intended to prevent future conflicts through collective security.
61
Fill in the blank: Wilson's Fourteen Points advocated for the _______ of seas.
Free Navigation ## Footnote This principle aimed to ensure that international waters were accessible to all nations.
62
What does the term 'Reparations' refer to in the context of post-World War I?
Compensation for war damages ## Footnote Reparations were payments imposed on Germany and its allies to cover the costs of the war.
63
True or False: Isolationism was a principle endorsed by Wilson in his Fourteen Points.
False ## Footnote Wilson's approach was more about international engagement rather than isolationism.
64
What is Public Diplomacy?
Efforts to communicate and promote national interests abroad ## Footnote It involves engaging with foreign publics to influence their perceptions and support.
65
What pandemic occurred from February 1918 to April 1920?
Spanish Flu
66
When did the Paris Peace Conference take place?
January to June 1919
67
What significant treaty was signed in June 1919?
Treaty of Versailles

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